ELS11 | The Study of Life

• Molecules refer to chemical structures that are composed of two or more atoms.
• Organelles are parts of the cell that are responsible for function and integrity.
• Some organelles are membrane-bound while others are not.
• Cells are the basic working and structural units of an organism.
• Different cells work in different organs.
• Cells are structured according to function.
• Organisms can either be single-celled or multicellular in nature.
• Tissues are simply cells grouped and perform a specialized function.
• An organ is a body part or a part of an organism that is made up of a group of tissues.
• An organ functions, specifically in a body.
• An organism refers to the individual living species.
• Each thriving plant or animal is an organism.
• Populations refer to all individuals of a species living in a specific area.
• A community is a combination of different populations.
• Ecosystems refer to the biotic and abiotic factors in an area.
• The biosphere consists of all the livable parts of the earth, by livable, we are referring to all spaces which are inhabited by life.
• Robert Hooke published Micrographia, a book filled with drawings and descriptions of the organisms he viewed under the recently invented microscope.
• The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of the cell by Hooke.
• The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things.
• Cells arise from other cells through cellular division.
• All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
• Nucleus Regulates all cell activities
• Cell Membrane Is made out of phospholipids and proteins
• Mitochondrion Site of cellular respiration "powerhouse"
• Lysosome Suicide Sacks that contain digestive enzymes
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Contains Ribosomes, transports proteins and other materials
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Contains no ribosomes, stores proteins
• Gogi complex (apparatus) Processes and packages proteins
• Nucleolus Dark spot of chromatin in the nucleus where ribosomes are produced
• Cytoplasm Colloid that contains water and nutrients and supports the organelles
• Organelles The parts of a cell with a particular function
• Prokaryotic Cells with no true nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
• Eukaryotic Cells that contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
• Centrioles Only in animal cells, aid in cell division
• Ribosomes Produce Proteins
• Chloroplasts are found only in plants, the site of photosynthesis
• Vacuoles Large storage sacks found mainly in plants
• Cell Wall Structure in plants made of cellulose that is outside of the cell membrane
• Cytoskeleton are long protein filaments in the cytosol that support the cell.
• Evolution is the scientific theory that explains the changes in organisms over time.