Excretory Systems of Animals

• Protozoa excretory system

  contractile vacuoles engulf nutrients and digest it to recycle or remove it, if vacuole doesn't work, it dies due to waste buildup

  
• Annelida excretory system


  metanephridia on each segment, nephrostomes surround capillaries which is where filtering occurs and travels to the collecting tubule, which is where it exits the nephridiopore

  
• Insect excretory system

  urine is produced by malphigian tubes which absorb salt, water, and nitrogenous waste and release it out of the anus. Uric acid diffuses into tubules and exchange pumps let H+ enter cells and Na+ and K+ exit. Ion secretion alters osmotic pressure, drawing water, nitrogenous waste, and electrolytes into tubules.

  
• Terrestrial amphibia excretory system

  Kidneys filter nitrogenous waste from the blood, which is then converted into urea. The urine travels down the ureter into the bladder, which stores the urine. The bladder is where the reabsorption of water and ions occur. Urine exits through the cloaca

  
• Aquatic amphibia excretory system

  nitrogenous waste in the form of ammonia is eliminated through the skin
• Mollusk excretory system

  Nephridia are organized as kidneys and filter bodily waste and release it into the coelom. The main process of urine production is blood filtration, which takes place in blood vessels that supply the renal gland. Substances are reabsorbed or secreted in glandular tubes. The waste is pumped out of the shell

  
• Aquatic arthropod excretory system

  Antennary glands filter waste and substances in and out of blood and act like a bladder to make the waste exit out of a pore near the antenna
• Mammal excretory system


  Kidneys, containing multiple nephrons, are the primary filter of blood and substances diffuse in and out of the filtrate. Adrenal glands produce hormones. Once the urine is fully filtered in the kidneys, it passes down the ureter, which links the kidneys to the bladder. Bladder stores urine. The urethra is a small tube that allows urine to exit the body

  
• Bird and reptile excretory system


  Kidneys filter the blood and excrete uric acid in the form of crystals, due to the lack of the loop of Henle in the kidneys. The salt glands help them excrete salt and remove it from blood through active transport as a liquid solution, out of the nostrils. The urine passes through the ureter and is conducted to the cloaca, which is the opening that releases it from the body

  
• Fish excretory system


  Gills are responsible for breathing and excretion of ammonia into the water. Since water enters the body and salt exits due to osmosis, the kidney compensates by producing a large amount of urine to counteract it

  
• the main structure involved in protozoa excretion is the contractile vacuole
• the main structures in mammal excretory systems are the adrenal, kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra
• The main function of the adrenal gland in mammals is to secrete hormones.
• The main function of the ureters in mammals is to carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
• The main functions of the kidneys in mammals are to filter blood and produce urine.
• The main function of the bladder in mammals is to store urine until it can be eliminated from the body.
• the structures of the amphibia excretory system are skin, kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the cloaca
• In amphibians, the main function of the skin is gas exchange as well as osmoregulation (maintaining water balance).
• In amphibians, the main function of the kidney is to remove excess nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream.
• the structures of the reptile excretory system are salt glands, nostrils, kidneys, cloaca, and ureters
• the structures of the annelida excretory system are nephridia, nephrostome, nephridiopore, capillary network, and bladder
• the insect excretory system structures are malphigian tubes, rectum, and anus
• the mollusk excretory system structures are nephridia and renal gland
• the arthropod excretory system structures are the antennary glands
• the fish excretory systems are the gills and kidneys