Cells and their functions

• The nucleus controls the cytoplasm and contains the genetic material
• The nucleolus synthesises ribosomes
• Rough er produces proteins for the rest of the cell
• Ribosomes synthesise proteins and are under the control of the nucleus
• The smooth er is responsible for synthesis
• Golgi body:

  sorts and delivers proteins and lipids. Produces lysosmes
• Lysosomes isolate enzymes to prevent them from acting up on other chemicals and organelles
• Surface/plasma membrane regulates transport of materials entering and exiting the cell
• Mitochondrion makes adenosine triphosphate which provides energy cells to break down ATP
• Cytoplasm holds the enzymes for metabolism
• Vesicles have membranous sacs which help transport materials that an organism needs to survive and recycle waste material
• Cell wall supports each cell and the whole plant
• Vacoule maintains turgor to ensure a rigid framework in the cell
• Tonoplasts are selectively permeable to allow small molecules to pass through
• Amyloplasts are responsible for the synthesis and storage of starch granules
• Plasmodesmata enables transport and communication between individual plant cells
• Pits are the points where the cell wall becomes thinner
• Capsule prevents phagocytes
• Nucleoid is an area of cytoplasm containing the circular chromosome
• Plasmids are small loops of dna that carry useful genes
• Chromosomes contain genetic material that controls the cytoplasm
• Sperm cells deliver genetic information to the egg cell
• Mitochondria is needed for sperm cells to function
• Egg cells supply proteins needed by the fertilised egg cell