27. Farming

• primary jobs - works directly with the earth eg miner
• secondary jobs - changes raw matierials into finished products, eg. baker
• tertiary job - someone who provides a service eg teacher
• input - ingredients in a system that are needed to produce something else eg animals
• process - making inputs into outputs, the process of doing something, eg milking a cow
• outputs - what is produced eg milk, cheese
• outputs become inputs - something produced that put back into a farm eg calves
• waste and by-product - something that is not intended to be made eg manure/ fertiliser
• pastoral farming - farming of animals for meat and milk, often in rural areas
• tillage farming - the cultivation of soil for the production of crops
• horticulture - the cultivation of fruit and herbs
• substanance farming - for the farmer not to sell
• comercial farming - farming that is done for profit
• extensive farming - large scale farming that uses large amounts of land and machinery
• intensive farming - farming that uses a lot of inputs and outputs, such as fertilisers and pesticides
• affects on farming

  soil

  • fertile soil allow crops
  • heavy soils used for grazing
• affects on farming

  relief

  • upland areas used for grazing
  • flat land used for crops
• affects on farming

  Aspect

  • facing south allows crops to grow and get sun
• affects on farming

  floodplain

  • contains fertile alluvial soil
• affects on farming

  drainage

  • areas near rivers expierences flooding
  • gentle slopes have good drainage
• asia - paddy fields, waterlogged fields
• irrigation - the artificial watering of land
• desertification - when fertile soil becomes infertile and becomes a part of a desert
• overgrazing - overuse of land for grazing animals, which leads to soil erosion
• deforestation - the cutting down of a large number of trees
• polders - areas of land reclaimed from the sea by drainage and used for farming