criticism

• His theory is based on a small number of children in a specific geographical area and background, therefore it is not generalisable.
• Vygotsky and Brunner argue that the stages Piaget suggested may be more fluid than he thought, and that development is a rather continuous process.
• Brunner believed that children can be helped to progress to higher level thinking skills.
• Other research suggests that it takes longer than 11 years to become skilled abstract logical thinkers.
• Piaget failed to consider the effect that a social setting and culture may have on cognitive development.
• Cognitive development might not be part of a maturation process, it could depend on a child’s environment and the quality of their education (external factors).