Key Terms Functionalism

• Secondary Socialisation

  takes place when a child learns the values, beliefs and attitudes of their culture through those outside of the family, such as teachers, friends and the media.
• Value Consensus

  to describe the need for societies to have a common set of beliefs and principles to work with and towards, a consensus meaning a general agreement or sharing of ideas.
• Social Cohesion/ Harmony

  the strength of relationships and the sense of solidarity among members of a community.
• Hidden Curriculum

  is a set of lessons "which are learned but not openly intended" to be taught in school such as the norms, values, and beliefs conveyed in both the classroom and social environment.
• Particularistic View

  person believes that standards and rules should be applied differently based on who the parties are or what the circumstances are.
• Universalistic View

  searches for what is systematic and tries to impose the rules, laws, and norms on all of its members so that things can run more efficiently. 
• Ascribed Status

  the social status of a person that is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life. 
• Achieved Status

  a social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit and is earned or chosen.
• Human Capital

  consists of the knowledge, skills, and health that people invest in and accumulate throughout their lives, enabling them to realize their potential as productive members of society.
• Division of Labour

  is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialize.
• Meritocracy

  a social system in which advancement in society is based on an. individual's capabilities and merits rather than on the basis of family, wealth, or social background
• Equality of Educational Opportunity

  all students, from all backgrounds with the ability to study, should be supported to access, succeed and progress in higher education.