Instrumentation

• Photometry: Measurement of light intensity, often used to quantify the concentration of a substance by assessing the amount of light it absorbs or emits.
• Spectrophotometry: Technique that measures the intensity of light at different wavelengths, widely employed for analyzing substances based on their absorption or emission spectra.
• Nephelometry: Method for measuring the concentration of particles in a solution by assessing the scattered light, commonly used in immunoassays and turbidity measurements.
• Turbidimetry: Determination of the cloudiness or turbidity of a liquid by measuring the reduction in transmitted light caused by suspended particles.
• Fluorometry: Technique that measures the fluorescence emitted by a substance when exposed to light, frequently used in detecting and quantifying specific molecules.
• Electrophoresis: Separation technique based on the movement of charged particles in an electric field, commonly used for separating biomolecules like DNA, RNA, or proteins.
• Chromatography: Method for separating and analyzing mixtures based on differential migration rates through a stationary phase, often employed in chemical and biological analysis.
• Ultracentrifugation: High-speed centrifugation technique used to separate particles based on their density, crucial for studying macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids.
• Chemiluminescence: Emission of light resulting from a chemical reaction, often employed as a detection method in analytical chemistry and immunoassays.