cell structure

• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  A cell
• How do bacteria reproduce when they divide?

  They produce a whole new organism
• What type of cells are animal and plant cells?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What type of cells are bacterial cells?

  Prokaryotic cells
• What is the total number of cells in an adult human?

  Over 40 trillion cells
• What are the main subcellular structures found in both animal and plant cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substances passing in and out
• What does the nucleus contain?

  Genetic material or DNA
• What is cytoplasm compared to?

  Water filling a water balloon
• What is the role of mitochondria?

  Provide energy through aerobic respiration
• What process do mitochondria use to release energy?

  Aerobic respiration
• What do ribosomes do in a cell?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What additional structures do plant cells have compared to animal cells?

  • Rigid cell wall made of cellulose
  • Permanent vacuole containing cell sap
  • Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides support and structure
• What does the permanent vacuole contain?

  Cell sap, sugars, salts, and water
• What is the role of chloroplasts?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What substance do chloroplasts contain that aids photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll
• What type of organism are bacteria classified as?

  Unicellular organisms
• What do bacterial cells lack compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• How is bacterial DNA structured?

  Single circular strand free in cytoplasm
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Small rings of DNA with extra genes
• What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

  Propel bacteria for movement
• Compare the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

  Eukaryotic cells:

  • Have a nucleus
  • Larger and more complex
  • Contain organelles

  
  

  Prokaryotic cells:

  • No nucleus
  • Smaller and simpler
  • Lack membrane-bound organelles