Migrationnn

• the Vikings invaded in 789AD
• The key Reasons the Vikings invaded were:

  • religion
  • wealth
  • politics
  • cultural
• religious reason for Viking invasion was to please Odin - God of War
• economic Reasons for Viking invasion:

  • Danegeld -tax Anglo Saxons
  • they invaded Lindesfarne in 793 and went for gold
  • farming - east ang was better for farming in comparison to Norway or Denmark
• political reason for Viking invasion:

  • Scandinavian overcrowding: political decision for more and higher quality resources for the population. This sparked a mass movement
• Cultural reasons for Viking invasion:

  • the Vikings were explorers. It was part of their culture
  • eldest inherits land and the youngest needs to find land.
• the Normans invaded england in 1066AD
• Main reasons why the normans invaded:

  • religion
  • wealth
  • politics
  • cultural
• Why did the Norman’s invade (religion)

  • they had the popes support. This was shown by the Papel banner that was given to William.
  • Archbishop of Canterbury (Edward the Confessir) promised william the throne in 1051.
• Why did the Normans invade (economic reason)

  • feudal system was introduced By william. Gives all the land to the king.
• Why did the normans invade (politics)

  • Promised throne to william
  • england is currently unstable after Edward the Confessor dies. Leaves opportunity for the introduction of change
• Why did the normans invade cultural

  • They are wayfaring people overall.
  • Explorers -part of their cultural identity
  • Eldest inherits land and the youngest needs to find land
• William the Conqueror invited the Jewish people to England in 1070 AD
• Why did Jewish people migrate (main reasons)

  • Religion
  • economics
  • Politics
• Why did Jewish people migrate (religion)

  • persecution of Jewish people in middle east
  • anti semitism
• Why did Jewish people migrate (economic):

  • gave loans to the king (invited by him in 1070)
  • became financiers
  • were able to collect usury (were not Christian)
• Why did Jewish people migrate(politics)

  • religious persecution instability
• the Dane law fall under saxon control in 927 after aethelred invaded
• Cnut became king of England in 1016
• What treaty established the danelaw?

  Treaty of Wedmore in 878
• Viking experience in Dane law:

  • became christian
  • Constant battles regarding boundaries with saxons
• Viking impact:

  • role of women
  • langauge
• case study of York-why?

  • rich
  • roads and rivers ideal for trade and exploring
  • Largest town in britain
• When was York recaptured by the Vikings and held until?

  York was recaptured by the Vikings in 866 and held until 954.
• York case study- migrants

  • 10,000-15,000 Vikings migrated
  • many cultures introduced a wide diversity
  • built small homes
• Case study York -church

  • Vikings converted to Christianity
  • coins had Christian symbols
  • archbishop negotiations
• York case study -trade

  • skilled craftwork
  • was a rich trading point
• Denization was introduced in 1378. It enabled an immigration to become fully accepted as a subject of england
• The blood libel was the belief that Jews killed Christian children to use their blood for Passover. Consequently, the massacre of Jewish people in York took place in 1190. They were exiled in 1290 under Edward first
• In the early Middle Ages Englands was mainly a primary economy. it produced solid raw material -especially wool- that were used in manufacture elsewhere.
• Strong far sighted monarchs such as Edward the third encouraged foreign artisans to come to England to work on the royal castles. These artisans included:

  • flemish weavers
  • dutch women brewers
• These artisans such as Flemish weaevers and ditch women brewers helped transform englands economy to a secondary one. It produce and sold manufactured goods
• Divide between French speaking wealthy few and poor many, non-French speaking, grew stronger. At times Flemish weavers we’re accused of taking English jobs. Italian bankers and German merchants were accused of putting up the price of properties
• All foreigners were accused of enjoying favoured treatment by authorities
• During the great (peasants revolt) in 1381, Flemish artisans in London were massacred
• The Parliament often saw immigrants as competitors who should be restricted whereas the monarch saw them as a source of prosperity and new ideas
• The carta mercatoria was a document that allowed merchants to travel freely throughout Europe introduced by Edward the first in 1303
• Worries about national security could make English monarchs wary of ‘aliens‘. During times of war, this often led to the expulsion of foreigners
• In 1270, Henry III had a disupute with flinders and so he ordered the arrest of all Flemings in England. However the monarchs also wanted to protect particular loyal merchants who brought in a lot of public revenue. An example of this was Peter Bonyn in 1271. He was a Flemish wool merchant and friend of Henry’s wife. He was given a letter of protection by Henry III which stated he was to be ’reputed as a denizen’
• Danegeld was the tax to protect against Viking invasion