classification

• Classification is grouping things according to observed similarities in physical characteristics or by other shared features such asmethod of reproduction, mode of nutrition or at the cellular level
• The study or science of classifying living things is called TAXONOMY
• the first person to classify things was the Greek scientist Aristotle.
• Aristotle first classified living things around 330 A.D.
• Aristotle classified living things as being either plant or animal.
• Aristotle classified plants as either herbs, bushes, or treesAnimals as either Land, water, air
• There were problems with Aristotle's classification system

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• Carolus Linnaeus is responsible for developing the classification system we use today called taxonomy
• 7 level classification hierarchy:

  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
• There are five kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera
• organisms are placed into kingdoms based on how they obtain their food, the types of cells that make up their body and the number of cells they contain
• all the organisms included within a phylum have the same general body plan, varying only in detail.
• The animal kingdom is sub divided into two groups- Vertebrates and invertebrates
• Characteristics of living things

  M-movement

  R-reproduction

  S-sensitivity

  G-growth

  R-respiration

  E-excretion

  N-nutrition
• Carl Linnaeus also developed binomial nomenclatureHe gave each species two names, a genus name and a species name.o All names are given in Latin -this is because Latin does not change.o All Names are unique for each species.

  o By using a scientific name, you know exactly which species you are talking about
• When writing scientific names the first letter of the genus is capitalized. This is NOT done for the species name.Both names must be underlined separately.
• Vertebrates are grouped under the phylum chordata
• Invertebrates are divided into several phyla- Porifera, cnidaria, Mollusca, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, annelida, echinodermata, arthropoda
• porifera have a jelly like layer surrounded by thin layers of cells

  they have many pores which allow water to circulate through them
• an example of Porifera is sponges
• cnidaria have tentacles and thin sac-like bodies and are radially symmetrical
• examples of cnidaria are jelly fish and sea anemone
• Mollusca have unsegmented bodies and a foot for moving. They are bilaterally symmetrical and some have a shell
• examples of Mollusca are snails, slugs and octopus
• Nematoda have long thing round worm-like unsegmented bodies
• examples of Nematoda are root knot nematodes, heart worm and pin worm
• Platyhelminthes have dorsoventrally flattened bodies and they are unsegmented
• examples of Platyhelminthes are flukes, tapeworms and planaria
• annelida have round worm-like segmented bodies
• examples of annelida are earthworms and leeches
• echinodermata have a shiny outer covering and segments can grow back
• examples of echinodermata include sea urchins, starfish, and sea cucumbers
• arthropoda have many jointed legs and segmented bodies.
• arthopoda contains four classes:

  Myriapoda

  crustacean

  insecta

  arachnida
• myriapods have long thin bodies and pairs of legs on each of their many body segments
• examples of myriapoda are centipedes and millipedes
• crustaceans have a hard exoskeleton, 2 pairs of antennae and have varying numbers of legs
• examples of crustaceans are crabs, shrimp, lobsters, barnacles
• insecta have six pairs of legs, wings, body divided into three segments
• The three segments of bodies of insects are head, thorax and abdomen