weathering of rocks

• Weathering is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth.
• Mechanical Weathering is the disintegration of rocks, breaking them into smaller pieces due to any force, without altering its composition.
• Frost Wedging is a process of Mechanical Weathering that involves the repeated freezing and thawing of water found in the cracks of rocks.
• Salt Crystal Growth is a process of Mechanical Weathering where enough build-up of salt crystals are left behind in pore spaces or cracks of rocks.
• Abrasion is a process of Mechanical Weathering that involves the wearing away of rocks by colliding particles.
• Exfoliation is a process of Mechanical Weathering that occurs when reduced pressure on igneous rock causes it to expand and allows slabs of outer rock to break off in layers.
• Biological Weathering is a process of weathering where animals, microbes, and plants are agents of weathering.
• Chemical Weathering is the decomposition of rocks involving chemical reactions causing change in their chemical makeup as influenced by low pressure.
• Dissolution or Carbonation is a process of Chemical Weathering where rock is removed by acidic rainwater in solution, especially dissolved CO2-containing rainwater weathers the rock.
• Oxidation is a process of Chemical Weathering where rock is removed by acidic rainwater in solution, especially dissolved CO2-containing rainwater weathers the rock.
• Hydrolysis is a process of Chemical Weathering where acidic water breakdown of rock produces clay and soluble salts.
• Climate affects the type, extent and rate at which weathering takes place.
• Mineral Composition in a rock may readily react with acids, water or oxygen, for example limestone can be severely acted upon by mild acidic rainwater.
• Rock Structure soft and those highly fractured rocks easily undergo weathering than solid crystalline.
• Topography physical weathering occurs more quickly on a steep slope than on a gentle one.
• Time is the duration for which a rock is exposed to weather determines the extent of weathering.
• Magma is a molten and semi-molten rock mixture found under the surface of the Earth.
• Basaltic Magma is made up of 45 to 55 percent silica, is high in iron, magnesium and calcium, and is low in potassium and sodium.
• Andesitic Magma is the "middle" magma in terms of heat, fluidity, or speed of flow, and gas content, and is made up of 55 to 65 percent silica.
• Rhyolitic Magma is formed by a combination of basaltic magma and another material that is siliceous, has a high content of silica, and is very gelatinous.
• Decompression Melting involves the upward movement of Earth's mostly-solid mantle.
• Flux Melting occurs when water or carbon dioxide are added to rock.
• Heat Transfer Melting often happens at convergent boundaries, where tectonic plates are crashing together.
• ● Frost Wedging - repeated freezing and thawing of water found in the cracks of rocks.