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Control of Variables
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What are extraneous variables variables?
+ variables that are not
controlled
which could affect the
results
of studies
+ other things which happen that affect the
accuracy
of results of experiments
+ psychologists must try and control these, or else people always
criticise
their results and find
problems
What are participant variables?
+
extraneous variables
specific to
participants
of an
investigation
+
minimising differences
between participants e.g.
age
,
upbringing
,
personality
, etc.
What are situational variables?
+
extraneous
variables present in
environment
study takes place
+
control
of
setting
where experiment takes place e.g. keeping
lighting
,
sound
and
temperature
constant
+
features
of
experimental
situation
What are confounding variables?
+ variables that cannot be
controlled
+ can have an
impact
on the
DV
making it
difficult
to
determine
if
results
are
due
to
influence
of
IV
,
confounding variables
or
btoh
What is randomisation?
+
Randomisation
is the process of
assigning
participants or subjects to
different groups
or
conditions
in a study or experiment in a
random
manner.
+ minimises the effects of
extraneous
or
confounding
variables
+ alternative to
counter-balancing
What is standardisation?
experience
of an experiment kept
identical
as much as possible for
each
participant
