Diseases

• What name is given to microorganisms that cause disease?

  Pathogens
• What do bacteria release that make us feel ill?

  Toxins
• What types of pathogen cause measles?

  Virus
• Which type of microorganisms cause gonorrhoea?

  Bacteria
• What type of medicine can be used to treat gonorrhoea?

  Antibiotics
• Which type of blood cell does the HIV virus attack?

  White blood cells
• Name the disease that causes a ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration.

  Tobacco Mosaic Virus
• What is the disease that HIV develops into?

  AIDS
• What disease begins with a flu like illness and progresses to attack the immune cells if it isn’t controlled?

  AIDS
• How is the measles virus spread?

  Contact with saliva or mucus
• What does TMV stand for?

  Tobacco Mosaic Virus
• They are very small but they are not cells. They can only reproduce inside cells of other organism. What are they?

  Viruses
• What system in the body is affected by HIV/AIDS?

  Immune system
• Viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists can cause disease. Because of this, they are examples of what?

  Pathogens
• Salmonella food poisoning is spread by bacteria that are ingested in food.
• Name the bacterial disease with symptoms of a thick green or yellow discharge from the genitals and pain when urinating.

  Gonorrhoea
• What type of pathogen causes malaria?

  Protist
• When a plant has TMV, its leaves are discoloured in a ‘mosaic‘ pattern. This slows the growth of the plant because it prevents what process from happening?

  Photosynthesis
• Rose black spot is a fungal disease in which purple black spots develop on the leaves of a plant.
• what are the two methods of spreading rose black spot?

  Water and Wind
• A pathogen will reproduce in order to increase its numbers.
• White blood cells help to defend against infection by producing antitoxins and by ingesting pathogens. They also produce antibodies that help defend against the infection.
• What word is used to describe injecting a small amount of an inactivated pathogen into the body to stimulate immunity?

  Vaccination
• Name the substance found in the trachea that traps dust and pathogens and stops them from entering the lungs.

  Mucus
• What is the function of the cilia found in the cells of the trachea?

  To move mucus
• The trachea and bronchi secrete mucus which traps pathogens.
• What do white blood cells produce to help defend against pathogens?

  antibodies and antitoxins
• What is the name of the process where a white blood cell engulfs a pathogen?

  Phagocytosis
• Drugs need to be tested to make sure they are effective and safe.
• Drugs need to be tested for efficacy, dosage and toxicity.
• What term is used to describe a substance given in clinical trials that does not contain the drug?

  Placebo
• What is the name of the microorganism that is used to produce penicillin?

  Penicillium
• What type of organism is penicillium?

  Fungus
• Which type of microorganism produces the antibiotic penicillin?

  Fungus
• What plant is the drug digitalis derived from?

  Foxglove
• What plant is the drug aspirin derived from?

  Willow tree
• What plant is the drug penicillin derived from?

  Penicillium mould
• Who discovered penicillin?

  Alexander Fleming
• As well as patients, who will be given the drug in clinical trials?

  Healthy volunteers
• What is health?

  A state of physical and mental wellbeing.