NEWD group dynamics

• a group is two or more people who share a common goal, they interact with each other, have mutual awareness and all have a collective identity
• tuckmans model.

  4 stages groups go through in order to work together effectively:

  • forming - role/responsibilities unclear but members start to work together
  • storming - competition for roles, positions of authority challenged and relationships strained
  • norming - conflicts resolved, greater commitment to achieving goal which is now clarified. teammates appreciate each other nad group cohesion develops
  • performing - players interact effectively, individual roles fully understood. this is when teams perform the most optimally
• cohesion is the tendency for individuals to work together to achieve their goals
• task cohesion.

  • involves every player working together to achieve a goal or end result
  • can over-ride problems of social cohesion
• social cohesion.

  • interaction of individuals in the team and how they work with each other
  • help with communication and team spirit
  • may produce 'cliques' leading to some people no co-operating
  • strong social cohesion = members of team socialising outside of team environment
• carrons antecedents that affect task and social cohesion

  
• steiners model of group performance.

  • actual productivity = potential productivity - losses due to faulty processes
  • actual productivity: teams level of achievement on task at hand
  • potential productivity: teams best possible outcome when cohesive
  • losses due to faulty processes: things that go wrong which prevent potential outcomes being reached
• what are examples of thing that can affect group productivity?

  • coordination problems
  • lack of understanding of role in team
  • lack of understanding of tactics
  • ringelmann effect
  • motivation losses
  • social loafing
• ringelmann effect.

  • as the members of a group increases, performance level for each individual decreases
  • has detrimental effect on cohesiveness and attainment of group
  • can be due to reduction in coordination because of increased participants or reduction in motivation due to relying on others in the group
• social loafing.

  • performer decreases the amount of effort they put into performing a skill
  • may be due to having no clear role within group, low self-efficacy, coach is a poor leader, high levels of trait/state anxiety
• strategies to improve team performance.

  • highlighting individual performances and giving statistics
  • developing social cohesion through team-building exercises and encouraging friendship
  • building a group identity
  • punish social loafing
  • emphasise a team goal