4.3.2.1 Products at each electrode during electrolysis

• What is the difference between a solid and a molten/aqueous solution in terms of ion movement?

  • In a solid, ions are fixed in a lattice and cannot move.
  • In a molten or aqueous solution, ions can move and conduct electricity.
• How does the movement of positive and negative ions differ in an electrochemical cell?

  Positive ions move towards the cathode, while negative ions move towards the anode
• What conditions are necessary for electrolysis to occur?

  The compound must be dissolved in water or melted
• How does the function of the anode differ from the cathode in an electrochemical cell?

  • Anode (positive electrode): Oxidation occurs, electrons are released
  • Cathode (negative electrode): Reduction occurs, electrons are accepted
• How do the ions move in an electrochemical cell?

  • Negative ions move towards the anode
  • Positive ions move towards the cathode
• What is the purpose of the power source in an electrochemical cell?

  The power source provides the potential difference that drives the electrochemical reactions.
• What happens to ions in an electrolyte during electrolysis?

  Ions move towards oppositely charged electrodes
• What is the name of the solution containing the ions in an electrochemical cell?

  Ion containing solution (electrolyte)
• Why do the negative ions move towards the anode in an electrochemical cell?

  Because the anode is the positive electrode, which attracts the negative ions
• What happens to negative ions when they reach the anode?

  They lose electrons through oxidation
• What is the product at the cathode for Magnesium Chloride (MgCl₂) during electrolysis?

  Magnesium metal (Mg)
• What determines the products formed during electrolysis of molten salts?

  Type of molten salt
• How do the ions in sodium chloride affect the electrolysis products?

  They lead to sodium metal and chlorine gas
• What is the effect of current density on product formation during electrolysis?

  Higher current density increases production rate
• What are the differences in ion movement between solid and molten states of ionic compounds?

  • Solid state:
  • Ions are fixed in lattice
  • Cannot move
  • Molten state:
  • Ions are free to move
  • Can conduct electricity
• What are the products of electrolysis for sodium chloride (NaCl)?

  • Anode Product: Chlorine gas (Cl₂)
  • Cathode Product: Sodium metal (Na)
• What are the products formed during the electrolysis of copper oxide (CuO)?

  Oxygen gas and copper metal
• What is produced at the anode during the electrolysis of copper oxide?

  Oxygen gas ($O_{2}$)
• What are the products formed during the electrolysis of molten salts at each electrode?

  • Sodium Chloride (NaCl):
  • Anode: Chlorine gas ($Cl_{2}$)
  • Cathode: Sodium metal ($Na$)
  • Copper Oxide (CuO):
  • Anode: Oxygen gas ($O_{2}$)
  • Cathode: Copper metal ($Cu$)
• How do the movements of ions differ between a solid and a molten/aqueous solution?

  • In a solid, ions are fixed in a lattice and cannot move.
  • In a molten or aqueous solution, ions can move to the negative and positive terminals.
• What is the definition of electrolysis?

  Breaking down a compound using electricity
• How does electrolysis work?

  It uses electricity to separate compounds into elements
• What is the cation in Lead Iodide (PbI₂)?

  Pb²⁺
• What is the product at the anode for Magnesium Chloride (MgCl₂) during electrolysis?

  Chlorine gas (Cl₂)
• What is the cathode product when using copper oxide (CuO) as an electrolyte?

  Copper metal (Cu)
• How does the movement of ions contribute to electrolysis?

  It allows electricity to flow and break down compounds
• What are electrodes in electrolysis?

  Conducting materials that complete the circuit
• In what state can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  Molten state
• How does the movement of ions in molten ionic compounds differ from that in solid ionic compounds?

  In molten, ions can move freely; in solid, they cannot
• What happens to negative ions at the anode during electrolysis?

  They lose electrons to form gases or elements
• What is the charge of the positive electrode (anode)?

  Positive
• Why are negative ions attracted to the anode?

  Because they carry a negative charge
• What happens to negative anions during electrolysis?

  • They are oxidized at the anode
  • They form gases
• What is the process called when ions lose electrons at the anode?

  Oxidation
• What is the relationship between the movement of ions and the flow of electricity in electrolysis?

  Ion movement enables electricity to flow through the circuit
• What is the result of negative ions losing electrons at the anode?

  They turn into neutral elements or compounds
• What ions are attracted to the anode?

  • Negative ions
• What is the cathode product when using molten NaCl as an electrolyte?

  Sodium metal (Na)
• What happens to positive ions at the cathode during electrolysis?

  They gain electrons to form metals
• What is the product at the cathode for Lead Iodide (PbI₂) during electrolysis?

  Lead metal (Pb)