Geography ST1 Y9

• What is rockfall?

  Rockfall occurs when large boulders fall from the cliff due to freeze-thaw & biological weathering
• Rockfall occurs when large boulders fall from the cliff due to freeze-thaw & biological weathering
• What is the location of Mumbai?

  Northern hemisphere, South of Asia, East of India (Coastal area)

  To the North is Thane

  To the South East is Pune

  To the East is Thar desert

  To the West is the Arabian Sea
• To the North of Mumbai is Thane
• To the South East of Mumbai is Pune
• To the West of Mumbai is Arabian Sea
• To the East of Mumbai is Thar desert
• What are advantages of groynes?

  -protects land from erosion

  -cheaper than sea walls
• What are advantages of rock armour?

  -cheaper than sea walls & longlasting

  -gaps between rocks help dissipate wave energy
• What are disadvantages of dune regeneration?

  -damaged by humans trampling on them
• What are the causes of Mumbai's population increase?

  -Natural increase

  -Rural-Urban migration (1 person every minute)
• What are social challenges in Mumbai?

  -Clean water & energy => slums are unplanned, don't have clean running water so disease spreads quickly

  -Health & education => slums grow faster than the government can build new services so healthcare & schooling is stretched
• What are groynes ?

  barriers that build up sea material by slowing longshore drift
• What is longshore drift?

  Movement of sediment/material along the beach due to waves and the direction of prevailing winds
• What is erosion?

  Breaking down of coastal material. There are 4 types: abrasion, attrition, solution, hydraulic power
• What is deposition?

  material being dropped by the waves because they loose power. This can result in spits forming
• What is slumping?

  rapid movements of a mass of earth or rocks sliding along a concave plane, which occur after heavy rainfall when the water saturates overlying rock making it heavy and liable to slide
• What is a landslide?

  Blocks of rock slide downhill (due to the bedding of rocks sloping downwards and making it more likely large blocks will shear off) because water has got into the bedding planes
• What is beach nourishment?

  replacing sand/pebbles that have been transported by longshore drift so the natural beach looks bigger
• What are disadvantages of groynes?

  -reduces amount of sediment downcoast

  -short lifespan
• What are advantages of sea walls?

  -prevents flooding & erosion

  -makes people feel safe
• What are some negatives of incremental housing strategies?

  -not all areas like being turned into residential housing => loose community spirit

  -might be moved from family & friends
• What is hydraulic power?

  The force of waves hitting against the cliff which traps air in cracks