Import

• What aspects are emphasized in humanistic psychology?

  Human strengths and aspirations
• What is a central focus of humanistic psychology?

  Conscious free will
• What is a key element in humanistic psychology?

  Fulfillment of our potential
• What kind of image of human nature does humanistic psychology present?

  Flattering and optimistic
• According to humanistic psychology what are people concerned with?

  Self-actualization
• How does humanistic psychology describe people?

  Active, creative beings concerned with growth
• Who developed the Hierarchy of Needs?

  Abraham Maslow
• In what year was Abraham Maslow born?

  1908
• Where was Abraham Maslow born?

  Brooklyn, New York
• How would you characterize Maslow's childhood?

  Difficult, isolated, and unhappy
• What role did the library play in Maslow's childhood?

  Playground and road out of poverty
• Who did Abraham Maslow marry?

  His own cousin, Bertha
• Where did Maslow hold a postdoctoral fellowship?

  Columbia University
• Where did Maslow receive his Ph.D.?

  University of Wisconsin
• Where did Maslow teach until 1951?

  Brooklyn College
• What event in 1941 significantly impacted Maslow's life and work?

  Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor
• What did Maslow resolve to do after witnessing the parade after Pearl Harbor?

  Develop a psychology dealing with human ideals
• What was Maslow's aim in developing his psychology?

  Improve human personality and behavior
• In what year did Maslow die?

  1970
• What was the cause of Maslow's death?

  Massive heart attack
• From where did Maslow's personality theory derive?

  Research on fulfilled adults
• According to Maslow, what are people born with?

  Instinctive needs to fulfill potentials
• What is the hereditary component of personality development called in Maslow's theory?

  Instinctoid
• What factors can affect or override the hereditary component of personality?

  Learning, social expectations, fear of disapproval
• What are the characteristics of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

  • Lower needs are stronger, potent, and prioritize
  • Higher needs appear later in life
  • Failure to satisfy lower needs does produce a crisis
  • Lower needs = deficiency needs
  • Satisfaction of higher needs leads to improved health and longevity
  • Higher needs = being needs
  • Satisfaction of higher needs is also beneficial psychologically
  • Gratification of higher needs requires better external circumstances
  • A need does not have to be satisfied fully before the next need in the hierarchy becomes important
• List Maslow's five hierarchy of needs

  • Physiological needs
  • Safety needs
  • Love and belonging needs
  • Esteem needs
  • Self-actualization needs
• What are cognitive needs?

  To know and understand
• What is B-motivation also known as?

  Being/ Metamotivations
• What does the study of self-actualizers involve?

  Maximizing personal potential
• What does D-motivation involve?

  Striving for something lacking within us
• What characterizes self-actualizing persons?

  Fulfilling potential and understanding environment
• Towards what do self-actualizers evolve?

  Metaneeds
• What are metaneeds?

  States of growth or being
• What is metapathology?

  Thwarting of self-development related to metaneeds
• According to Maslow, what are the metaneeds and their related metapathologies?

  • Trust: Mistrust, cynicism, skepticism
  • Goodness: Hatred, repulsion, disgust, reliance only upon self and for self
  • Beauty: Vulgarity, restlessness, loss of taste, bleakness
  • Unity, wholeness: Disintegration
  • Dichotomy-transcendence: Black/ white thinking, either/ or thinking, simplistic view of life
  • Aliveness, process: Deadness, robotizing, feeling oneself to be totally determined, loss of emotion and zest in life, experiential emptiness
  • Uniqueness: Loss of feeling of self and individuality, feeling oneself to be interchangeable or anonymous
  • Perfection: Hopelessness, nothing to work for
  • Necessity: Chaos, unpredictability
  • Completion, finality: Incompleteness, hopelessness, cessation of striving and coping
  • Justice: Anger, cynicism, mistrust, lawlessness, total selfishness
  • Order: Insecurity, wariness, loss of safety and predictability, necessity for being on guard
  • Simplicity: Overcomplexity, confusion, bewilderment, loss of orientation
  • Richness, totality, comprehensiveness: Depression, uneasiness, loss of interest in the world
  • Effortlessness: Fatigue, strain, clumsiness, awkwardness, stiffness
  • Playfulness: Grimness, depression, paranoid humorlessness, loss of zest in life, cheerlessness
  • Self-sufficiency: Responsibility given to others
  • Meaningfulness: Meaninglessness, despair, senselessness of life
• What are the characteristics of self-actualizing people?

  • Clear perception of reality
  • Acceptance of self, others and nature
  • Spontaneity, simplicity and naturalness
  • Dedication to a cause
  • Independence and need for privacy
  • Freshness of appreciation
  • Peak experiences
  • Social interest
  • Deep interpersonal relationships
  • Tolerance and acceptance of others
  • Creativeness and originality
  • Resistance to social pressures
• What is the Jonah Complex?

  Doubting about our own abilities
• What are the key viewpoints on human nature according to Maslow?

  • Free will vs Determinism
  • Nature vs Nurture
  • Past experiences vs Present experiences
  • Uniqueness vs Universality
  • Equilibrium vs Growth
  • Optimism vs pessimism