Unit 1 - Plants

Cards (30)

  • Wind pollinated flowers:
    1. Petal small no colour or scent
    2. anther hang loosely outside of flower
    3. feathery stigma: catches drifting pollen grains
  • Pollination: transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.
  • Insects pollinated flowers:
    1. brightly colored and may have scent to attract insects
    2. may contain nectar stigma sticky pollen grain might be spiky
  • Fertilisation: when nucleus of the male gametes (pollen grain) fuse together with nucleus of the female gamete (ovule)
    1. pollen grains lands on stigma
    2. a pollen tube grows down the style to reach the ovule/ovary
    3. the male nucleus goes down the pollen tube
    4. an fuse with the egg cells nucleus in the ovule
  • Fertilisation -> Zygote -> embryo (inside seed)
  • ovary turns into fruit
  • ovule turns into seed
  • Label:
    A) Petal - brightly coloured to attract insects
    B) Stamen - male reproductive system
    C) Anther - produces pollen (male gametes))
    D) Filament - holds the anther up
    E) sepal
    F) stigma - where pollen lands on
    G) style
    H) pollen tube
    I) ovary turns into fruit
    J) ovule - turns into seed
    K) stem
    L) carpel/pistel - female reproductive system
  • Ge rmination: seed needs
    1. water
    2. warm-high temp
    3. oxygen to germmate
  • Seed needs to be DISPERSED to avoid competition with parent plaants for resources such as light, minerals, space
  • P arachute - like feathers
    W ings - like structure
    L ight seeds to be easily carried away by wind
  • has hook or spikes to stick to animal's hair or fur
  • Juicy fruits to attract animals/birds to eat them. Seeds are dispersed through their dropping
  • has air spaces within and dry husk allows it to flow in water
  • pod split open (explode) when they dry up and seeds are thrown out and scattered around
  • plants absorb Mg- & NO3 ions through roots
  • Nitrate (-NO3) is used to make cells/amino acid
    Deficiency symptom: stunted growth
  • Magnesium (Mg-): make chlorophyll
    deficiency symptom: yellow leaves
  • S - for support
    T - to transport mineral ions
    E - evaporation of water absorvs heat energy away from plants & helps to cool plants down
    P - for photosynthesis
  • Photosynthesis:
    • is a chemical reaction
    • converts light energy to chemical energy
  • Label:
    A) Nucleus
    B) vacuole
    C) cytoplasm
    D) cell membrane
    E) cell wall
  • CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O6 + O2
  • label:
    A) waxy layer prevent water lose from leaves
    B) Upper epidermis
    C) palisade mesophyll cell contains a lot of chlorophyll
    D) Spongy mesophyll cell creates air spaces to allow gas
    E) to diffuse and reach tje palisade layer
  • Xylem: transport water
  • Phloem transport food
  • Stomata: to allow gas exchange
  • Guard cells: control opening and closing of stomata
  • Glucose:
    1. produce energy by respiration
    2. for growth eg: shoots, roots
    3. for reproduction eg: flower, fruits, seeds
    4. storage eg: roots, leaves (stored in form of starch bc it is insoluble while gluose are soluble)
    1. boil leaf in water to break down cell membrane
    2. boil leaf in ethanol to remove chlorophyll
    3. put leaf in cold water to soften the leaf
    4. add iodine to test for starch if it turns blue black means starch is present and photosynthesis has occur