AP us history

• The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States from France of more than 800,000 square miles (2 million km²) of land west of the Mississippi River.
• Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris to negotiate with Talleyrand on behalf of the US
• The Lewis and Clark expedition explored the newly acquired territory
• The War Hawks were members of Congress who advocated for war against Britain
• Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to be admitted into the Union as a slave state while Maine would become free
• Tariff of Abominations was passed by congress in 1828 which imposed high tariffs on imported goods
• John C Calhoun argued that states had the right to declare any law passed by congress null and void if it violated their rights under the constitution with the Exposition Protest he had covertly written as Jackson’s vp
• Nullification Crisis occurred when South Carolina threatened to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional
• • The Spanish Empire was diminished to Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru- Latin America was much inclusive allowing Native Americans as well as blacks to vote
  • Their Spanish American constitution implemented transatlantic ideas which allowed for a diverse population
  • Since the empire was widely dispersed it was difficult to set up a national identity as well as economy with many civil wars
• Monroe Doctrine- 1823, US declared that it would not tolerate European interference in the Americas
• • Election of 1824- Jackson won by a landslide due to his the many followers he gained after leading his troops to victory in the Battle of New Orleans
  • Henry Clay as well as John Adams were candidates Clay with concentrated support in the West that wasn’t enough to usurp Jackson so, Clay beliving Adams was the best candidate gave his votes to John Quincy Adams
• • Andrew Jacksons presidency- began in 1829 and ended in 1837
  • Jackson’s supporters began planning the election of 1828 overseen by Martin Van Buren
• Jackson’s Way’s-

  • Jackson was a fervent nationalist who believed the state’s should’ve been focal point of the government
  • By the time of Jackson’s presidency- politics had become a spectacle
  • Spoil’s System-Based on Jackson’s belief that government should be open to all (yt) people and that office positions should be in rotation
• After the Hartford Convention led to the vanishment of the Federalist part- The Whigs and the Democrats developed-

  * Democratic Party- special treatment shouldnt’ve been given to non-producers and the government should stay hands off when it came to economical development

  *Whig Party- (non-producers) were based on the American System formulated by Henry Clay and wanted government to guid eco through protective tariffs + national bank
• Whig party- formed in 1830s, they wanted to expand federal power and promote economic growth through protective tariffs and internal improvements.
• Democratic party- formed in 1828, they opposed the expansion of federal powers and favored states rights and limited government intervention in the economy.
• The Second Great Awakening- A religious revival movement that swept across America during the early 19th century, emphasizing personal experience and emotional expression in worship.
• What was the Whig party based on

  The American System formulated by Henry Clay
• By 1835 Jackson had- lowered tariffs, eliminated national bank, and refused internal Improvements
• Politics and Morality- Democrats saw morality as a private matter and disdained any unified morality laws such as temperance acts
• One incident that put Calhoun and Jacksons against one another was- Floride Calhoun who ostracized Peggy Eaton as a woman of east virtue

  • Jackson as well as Van Buren stood up for Peggy this struck a slight divide between JCC and AJ
  • Webster Hayne Debate- Webster responded to Robert Y. Haynes, a disciple of. Calhoun, about make nullification illegal
• In 1840, the Whigs nominated William H. Harrison for president and John Tyler for vice president. They campaigned under the slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" (referring to Harrison's victory over Native Americans at Tippecanoe). The campaign used new techniques like mass rallies, parades, and posters to mobilize voters.
• In 1840, the Whigs nominated William H. Harrison for president and John Tyler for vice president. They campaigned under the slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" (referring to Harrison's victory over Native Americans at Tippecanoe). The campaign used new techniques like mass rallies, parades, and posters to mobilize voters.
• Harrison died just one month into his presidency from pneumonia, making him the first president to die while in office. His death led to Vice President John Tyler becoming president instead of the person chosen by the political parties. BUT John Tyler was actually a democrat
• Indian Removal Act of 1830: Removed Native Americans from the East to the West Black Hawk a Sauk leader followed by 1,000 men led the last Native American resistance to removal
• In 1823, the Supreme Court case Johnson vs M’Intosh ruled that Native Americans were not citizens and therefore could not sue in federal court.
• In 1832, Marshall, believing in a strong federal government, deemed Native Americans as a distinct people and Georgia’s actions violated previously signed treaties with Indians.
• Jackson did not see Worcester vs Georgia as a valid case.
• The passive resistance led by John Ross led to the Trail of Tears ordered by Martin Van Buren.
• Nicholas Biddle was the President of the Second Bank of the United States, appointed by President James Madison, Biddle who curbed the overissuing of money to stabilize the flow of currency in the U.S.
• Nicholas Biddle was a snobby Pennsylvanian who even told a congressional committee that the power of the bank could destroy any state bank.
• Democrats didn’t like the bank institution possessing so much power.
• Andrew Jackson was blackmailed by the power of the bank to sign a bill that would extend the national bank for another 20 years after its upcoming expiration on 1836.
• By vetoing the expansion of the bank, Andrew Jackson gained the favor of many as he depicted himself as the defender of humble Americans. He was able to defeat Henry Clay in the election of 1832
• Andrew Jackson’s dispersed money from the U.S National Bank he was dissolving into his choice of Pet Banks
• Upon Martin Van Buren’s election in 1836 he was given the nickname Van “ruin” since a year later the Panic of 1837 began
• Planter Class-

  *In 1850 majority of slaveholding families owned five or fewer slaves

  *Planters ascertained the best land, highest incomes, positions in small local offices

  *Plantation Mistresses indulged in their classy life styles but they resented the slave women their husbands forcefully had relations with
• Planter values-

  glorified a hierarchical agrarian society in which gentlemen tended to their dependents which were their slaves, wives, and children this was known as paternalism
• Slave owner Reverend Charles C. Jones- couldn’t fathom the actual abolishment of slavery, but he advocated for getting rid of the most oppressing facets by: religiously instructing slaves, providing them with education, and providing them with medical care
• Masculine code of honor in the south left plantation mistresses in the home while Northern women had the opportunities to organize reform movements