1.1 biological molecules

• Benedict's solution is used to test for monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are reducing sugars and give a brick red colour when present.
• Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are present in carbohydrates.
• The 3 main groups of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
• Monosaccharides are monomers (made of one functional unit).
• The general formula for monosaccharides is Cn(H20)n.
• Functions of carbohydrates are storage of energy in plants and animals and they play a structural role in plant cell walls.
• Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
• Fats are solid at room temp, oils are liquid.
• Lipids are excellent energy reserves because they're rich in C-H bonds.
• Functions of lipids are insulation, energy storage, protection.
• Polar/hydrophilic amino acids have side chains that do interact with water.
• Non-polar/hydrophobic amino acids have side chains that don't interact with water.