Lesson 4: Presenting and Organizing the Gathered Data

• The data are presented in the form of texts, phrases or paragraphs. This is very common among newspaper reports which depict specifically the salient or important findings.

  Textual presentation
• This is a more reliable and effective way of showing relationships or comparisons data with tables. In many cases, the tables are accompanied by a short narrative explanation to make the facts cleared and more understandable.

  Tabular
• It is the most effective way of presenting data using statistical graph.

  Graphical displays
• Graphical displays have great advantage over tables because graphs convey _______ values and compares readily than tables.

  Quantitative values
• The simplest form of graphic presentation. It is generally intended for comparison of simple magnitude.

  Bar graph
• Type of Bar Graph:

  Made up of adjacent or equally spaced horizontal rectangles of uniform width placed with their left-hand ends lying along a common vertical line.

  Horizontal Bar Graph
• Type of Bar Graph:

  Made up of adjacent or equally spaced vertical rectangles of uniform width put on a common horizontal base line. This type of graph is used for magnitudes that vary with time.

  Vertical Bar Graph
• Type of Bar Graph:

  Used to emphasize the relative magnitudes of the component parts of a fixed amount. These component parts represented by rectangles are shown as parts of a narrow horizontal or vertical bar. The different rectangles may be shaped or colored. Areas of rectangles should be proportional to the quantities they represent.

  The one hundred percent bar
• In constructing a hand generated bar graph, leave a space between the bars _____ to at least one half of the width of the bar.

  Equal
• True or False: The separation of the bars indicates the distinctness of the categories in categorical data.

  True
• The zero-base line of the horizontal should be indicated, but, if for some reason it is omitted, the omission should be shown using a _____.

  Scale break
• The most widely used practical device effective in showing a trend over a period.

  Line Graph
• True or False: In constructing line graphs, put the time units or the independent variable on the horizontal axis.

  True
• True or False: In constructing line graphs, do not use different line types when showing more than one line.

  False. Use different line types when showing more than one line to enable the reader to distinguish between them.
• True or False: In constructing line graphs, don't use a solid line for the primary data.

  False. Use a solid line.
• True or False: In constructing line graphs, include a zero-base line in the graph. If not possible, indicate such omission by breaking the scale.

  True
• A circle graph divided into component parts whose sizes are proportional to the magnitude or percentages they represent. Used to show components of a whole.

  Pie Chart
• True or False: In constructing a pie chart, show 100% of the subject being graphed.

  True
• True or False: In constructing a pie chart, it is acceptable to not label the slices with their identifier and with the percentage of the amount it represents.

  False. Always label.
• True or False: In constructing a pie chart, place the largest slice at 12 o'clock position and move counterclockwise in descending order.

  False. Place at 12 o'clock position and move CLOCKWISE.
• True or False: In constructing a pie chart, use lighter colors for smaller slices.

  False. Use darker colors for smaller slices
• This uses pictorial symbols and immediately suggests the nature of the data being shown.

  Pictogram
• Usually used when quantitative data to be shown by geographical location.

  Statistical maps
• To plot data on a statistical map, what may be used to represent a number or quantity?

  A dot or a pin
• True or False: In statistical maps, maps may also be shaded to represent a number or quantity for a particular area in the maps.

  True
• Provides means for visual inspection of data which a list of values for 2 variables cannot. It shows if a relationship exists between the variables. It also conveys both direction and shape of the relationship.

  Scatter diagram or scatter plot
• Data in its original form is and structure are called?

  Raw data
• What is it called when the scores are arranged in ascending or descending magnitude?

  Array
• What is it called when data are placed into a system where in they are organized?

  Grouped data
• The procedure of organizing data into groups is called?

  Frequency Distribution Table (FDT)
• Basic Concepts of Frequency Distribution Table (FDT):

  Class Interval, Class frequency (f), Lower class boundary (Lcb), Upper class boundary (Ucp), Class size, Classmark (CM), Cumulative frequency (F), Greater that CF (>CF), Less than CF (<CF)
• Basic Concepts of Frequency Distribution Table (FDT):

  These are the numbers defining the class, consisting of the end numbers called the class limits namely the upper limit ad the lower limit.

  Class Interval
• Basic Concepts of Frequency Distribution Table (FDT):

  Shows the number of observations falling in the class.

  Class Frequency (f)
• Basic Concepts of Frequency Distribution Table (FDT):

  
  

  These are so called 'true class limits'
• Basic Concepts of Frequency Distribution Table (FDT):

  The middle valuue of the lower class limit of the class and the upper class limit of the preceding class

  Lower class boundary (Lcb)
• Basic Concepts of Frequency Distribution Table (FDT):

  The middle value between the upper class limit of the class and the lower limit of the next class

  Upper class boundary (Ucb)
• Basic Concepts of Frequency Distribution Table (FDT):

  The difference between two consecutive upper limits or two consecutive lower limits

  Class size
• Basic Concepts of Frequency Distribution Table (FDT):

  
  

  The midpoint is the middle value of a class interval

  Classmark (CM)
• Basic Concepts of Frequency Distribution Table (FDT):

  Shows the accumulated frequencies of successive classes

  Cumulative frequency (F)
• Basic Concepts of Frequency Distribution Table (FDT):

  Shows the number of observations greater than LCB

  Greater than CF (>CF)