CD

• Communicable diseases are classified according to organ or organ system, causative agent, transmission, timeframe, and causes.
• Non-communicable diseases refer to diseases that are not transmissible directly from one person to another.
• Communicable diseases are the primary cause of mortality gap between rich and poor countries.
• About 60% of deaths caused by communicable diseases can be attributed to HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Tuberculosis, Measles, Diarrheal disease, Acute respiratory infection.
• There is no specific treatment for scarlet fever.
• Nursing considerations for scarlet fever include isolation, bed rest for 12 days and good ventilated room, keeping patient warm, dry, and comfortable as possible, daily bath and change linen frequently, lubricating skin well with oil, protecting skin under and around the nose and lips with ointment, nasal aspiration by gentle suction or soft rubber ear syringe, elevating the head and shoulder to prevent danger of otitis media, accurate intake and output chart, high caloric liquids then soft diet, avoiding irritant liquid juice “citrus”, enema or mild cathartics for constipation, and observing
• Desquamation: i.e., peeling of the skin, is the typical sign of scarlet fever.
• Desquamation starts at the top of the body and proceeds downwards.
• Desquamation could occur early at 4-5-6 day or later to 4th week of the disease.
• The top 10 leading causes of death in the Philippines are Diseases of the heart, Diseases of the vascular system, Pneumonias, Malignant neoplasms/cancers, All forms of tuberculosis, Accidents, COPD and allied conditions, Diabetes mellitus, Nephritis/nephritic syndrome, Other diseases of respiratory system.
• Complications of poliomyelitis can include emotional disturbance, gastric dilatation, and hypertension.
• For incontinence, skin care and padding of the perineal region can provide absorption for excretions.
• A catheter may be necessary for constipation.
• Sabine is an attenuated virus, which is administered orally for prevention.
• Salk is a killed virus, administered IM or SubQ for prevention.
• If swallowing is difficult, use gavage feeding.
• Application of heat to affected muscles can relax them.
• Prevention can involve active immunization with the Trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV).
• Treat fever and headache as needed.
• Suction of the pharynx and postural drainage can prevent aspiration of secretions.
• Enemas can be used for constipation.
• Gamma globulin can be used for passive immunization.
• A soft diet may be used if the child has difficulty swallowing.
• If the child is on the abdomen, pull the mattress away from the foot of the bed and let the feet protrude over the edge to prevent pressure on toes.
• If a child is affected with poliomyelitis, they must receive the vaccine to prevent further infection from other poliomyelitis types.
• Inflammant would lead to Tissue Injury through Local Adaptation Syndrome, which will only localize the experience, or General Adaptation Syndrome, which is systemic.
• Pattern of Disease Occurrence can be Sporadic, Endemic, Epidemic, or Pandemic.
• Stages of Infection include Incubation, Prodromal, Period of Illness/Acme, Recovery, Convalescence or Decline.
• Epidemiology is the study of the spread of the disease in the community and investigates all factors that determine the presence or absence of diseases and disorders.
• Mode of Entry of Organisms into Human can occur through the Respiratory tract, Gastrointestinal tract, Genitourinary tract, or through Direct infections of mucous membrane/skin.
• In epidemiology, the patient is the community and individuals are viewed collectively.
• Vector borne Transmission involves arthropods such as flies, mosquitoes, ticks, and others.
• Host Factors that can contribute to susceptibility include Age, sex, genetic predisposition, Nutritional status, fitness, environment factors, General physical, mental and emotional health, and Absence or abnormal Ig.
• The Inflammatory Process involves Microorganisms, Physical, Mechanical factors, and can lead to Tissue Injury.
• A Susceptible Host is a person or animal or plant upon which a parasite depends for its survival.
• The Weakest link in the chain of infection is the mode of transmission.
• The top 10 communicable diseases in the Philippines are Tuberculosis, Dengue fever, Pneumonia, Malaria, Diarrhea, Bronchitis, Influenza, Acute febrile illness, HIV, Lower respiratory tract infections.
• Communicable Diseases are managed through proper food handling, proper disposal of oral and nasal secretion, covering hair and wearing clean clothes and apron, providing periodic health exam for kitchen workers, keeping cutting boards clean, and prohibiting anyone with respiratory or GIT disease from handling food.
• Levels of prevention include Health Promotion/Specific Protection, Early Diagnosis/Prompt Treatment, and Rehabilitation.
• Preventive aspects of nursing care include Health Education, Immunization, Environmental Sanitation, Water Source, Excreta Disposal, Garbage Disposal, Food Handling, and Proper Food Handling.