Recruitment into the military

• Mercenary

  Somebody paid to fight in army, but they arent form that place and arent fighting because of duty
• Agoge

  Spartan military training
• Syssition

  dining club in the spartan military training
• Tresant

  spartan can lose their citizenship and become a tresant if they seem cowardly in battle

  inferior status
• Cameraderie

  Mutual trust and friendship between people
• At birth, what happened to Spartan babies

  they would be inspected by Gerousia (council of elders)

  babies who lived would grow up, weak babies were exposed
• Common test for babies

  • submerge them in wine
  • belived that a weak baby would die
• At what age were spartan boys enrolled into agoge

  7

  agoge was compulsory military training ages 7 - 19
• What happens after agoge?

  Spartan boys try to get elected in the syssition

  to gain access to syssition, every member would have to vote him in
• How would a spartan boy get full spartan citizenship

  getting elected into a syssition, then will serve in military and gain citizenship
• Serving in the army was compulsory for Spartans - how could one avoid it?

  • failing military training
  • fail to gain access into a syssition
  • both of these situation are shameful, demoted to inferior status
• What happened to some boys at agoge and why?

  They would fail or die

  final challenges were tough so only the strong would survive
• How do Spartans encourage camaraderie in a syssition?

  • live in barracks with his syssition mates
  • share dinner with others
  • share a tent
• Why did Spartan men have so much time to train?

  • state gave him helots and kleros to work land - DOESNT need to work
  • wives took part in this
  • not allowed to have crafts or professions
• What happened when a Spartan man turned 60

  he would retire

  younger men would be sent out, as it was shameful for an old man to die in battle before a young man
• What type of army was Sparta and why?

  Citizen army - consisted of only citizens, service in military was a civic duty

  given by legendary lawgiver Lycurgus
• What was the core spartan army supplemented by?

  Perioikoi (Those who live around)

  And helots (state owned slaves )
• When were men expected to serve in the military in Athens?

  When Athens needed them to

  citizens above age of 60 were exempt
• What did young Athenian men had to undergo and why

  2 years of basic military training

  considered fully adult and could enter assembly as full citizens
• What did the state give to soldiers and why

  Gave a basic wage for duration of campaign

  To lessen impact of lost wages during training

  Money drawn from spoils of war and taxes
• Why did Athenian men have less time to train

  • Had to work - weren’t given kleros and helots
• Why was Athenian army less quality

  there were no strict requirements like Sparta as Athens accepted all citizen to fight for the state
• What type of army was Athens?

  A citizen army

  Service in military seen as civic duty
• Why did Athenians fight ?

  for their city and community
• What was the Athenian army divided into

  10 tribes - fighting along side your tribe gave a sense of community
• What was recruitment into the athenian army impacted by

  Wealth

  • Soldiers had to provide their own equipment
  • Rich men recruited into cavalry
  • Middle class - hoplitas
  • Poor - navy/infanty
• Who were usually recruited into the Athenian navy and why?

  poor people

  didnt need equipment

  navy paid a decent wage
• who else rowed in Athenian navy

  • slaves
  • mercenaries
• What are triremesn

  • Athenian warships that had three rowers in each side of the ship on each row
• Who were trireme paid from

  • Paid by wealthy citizens who piad a super tax
  • Called a trierarch - seen as an honour
• who became roman legionary soldiers

  roman citizens
• what would roman applicants bring to examiners?

  a letter of recommendation from a highly respected person in their community
• What would the roman examiners watch out for?

  • mucles
  • Posture
  • broad chest
  • Flat stomach
  • Profession - preferred butcher and hunter
• Once accepted, what does a roman legionary soldier gain

  money to pay for his journey to join his legion
• Who paid for roman legionary salary and how?

  state - from taxes and spoils of war

  under Augustus - 225 denarii per annum

  then 300 denarii
• Was a roman legionary salary good?

  Yes

  They gained stable salary that could support entire family
• What was the problem before Augustus?

  Soldiers recruited when needed

  Salaries paid by individual generals - led to frequent civil wars
• What did Augustus set up?

  Rome first time full time army and navy

  large army ready to go at any time

  loyal to emperor and he ensured they were paid
• Did roman legionary soldiers pay for their own food and clothing? + more info

  yes

  good work could be rewarded with promotion

  paid for pension scheme
• When is honourable discharge given? and what is given

  25 years of service

  injury

  rewarded 3,000 denarii or some land to become farmer