Structure of DNA and RNA

• What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?

  • Deoxyribose sugar
  • Phosphate group
  • Nitrogenous base
• How do the nitrogenous bases in DNA form base pairs?

  • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
  • Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
  • These base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds
• How does the sugar in RNA differ from that in DNA?

  RNA contains ribose, DNA contains deoxyribose
• What role does the deoxyribose sugar play in a nucleotide?

  Links nucleotides
• What are the structural components of a DNA nucleotide?

  • Sugar (deoxyribose)
  • Phosphate group
  • Nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G)
• What are the main differences between RNA and DNA components?

  • RNA has ribose sugar; DNA has deoxyribose.
  • RNA contains uracil (U); DNA contains thymine (T).
• How does the structure of DNA differ from RNA?

  DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has a ribose sugar
• How do the nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA differ?

  DNA has thymine (T), while RNA has uracil (U)
• Which nitrogenous base is present in DNA but absent in RNA?

  Thymine (T)
• What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up DNA?

  Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• What is the main difference between RNA and DNA regarding their nitrogenous bases?

  RNA has uracil; DNA has thymine
• What is the structure of a DNA nucleotide?

  • Central deoxyribose sugar
  • One or more phosphate groups
  • A nitrogenous base (A, T, C, or G)
• What are the three main components of a DNA nucleotide?

  Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups, nitrogenous base
• What is the name of the nitrogenous base that replaces Thymine in RNA?

  Uracil
• If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in a DNA strand is ATCG, what would the sequence be in the complementary RNA strand?

  UAGC
• What are the components of RNA nucleotides?

  Ribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
• What is the name of the molecule shown on the left side of the image?

  Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
• How does the structure of DNA differ from RNA?

  DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has a ribose sugar
• How does the structure of RNA nucleotides contribute to its function?

  Single-stranded structure allows diverse functions
• How do the nitrogenous bases pair up in DNA and RNA?

  • In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).
  • In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).
• Why is the specific A-T and G-C pairing important?

  It allows stable hydrogen bond formation
• What is the key difference between RNA and DNA nucleotides?

  RNA uses ribose sugar and uracil
• How does the double helix structure contribute to genetic information storage?

  • Efficient storage due to compact structure
  • Stable due to hydrogen bonding
  • Specific base pairing ensures accurate replication
• What forms the outer 'railings' of the DNA double helix?

  Sugar-phosphate backbone
• How does RNA's single-stranded structure allow it to interact?

  It can fold back for base pairing
• What is the significance of major and minor grooves in DNA?

  • Important for protein binding
  • Allow access to the bases
  • Facilitate interactions with regulatory proteins
• How do the sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases interact in DNA?

  • Sugar-phosphate backbone forms outer strands
  • Nitrogenous bases pair in the middle
  • Bases connect strands through hydrogen bonds
• What is the structure of DNA?

  • Double helix of sugar-phosphate backbone
  • Nitrogenous bases (A, T, G, C) paired between strands
  • Hydrogen bonds between base pairs
• Which base pairs with Adenine (A) in DNA?

  Thymine (T)
• What is the purpose of the sugar-phosphate backbone in the DNA molecule?

  It provides structural support and allows the DNA to form a double helix
• What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

  Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
• What are the base pairs in DNA?

  A-T and G-C
• If the sequence of nitrogenous bases on one strand of a DNA molecule is ATCGAT, what would the sequence be on the complementary strand?


  TAGCTA
• How are the nitrogenous bases paired in the DNA double helix?

  • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
  • Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C)
  • These base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds
• What stabilizes the double helix structure of DNA?

  Hydrogen bonds between base pairs
• What is the sugar component of DNA?

  Deoxyribose
• How do the nitrogenous bases in DNA form base pairs?

  • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
  • Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
  • These base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds
• What is the formula to calculate the area of a circle with radius $r$?


  $A =$$\pi r^2$
• What role does the nitrogenous base serve in DNA?

  Carries genetic information
• What forms the backbone of RNA?

  The sugar-phosphate backbone