lava flows - streams of molten rock that flow from a volcanic event, the viscosity and speed depends on the type of volcano
pyroclastic flow - caused by a very explosive eruption when the eruption column itself collapses and cannot continue to rise
tephra/ash - tiny particles of rock and natural glass blasted into the air by a volcanic eruption, which can be transported by wind
gas eruptions - magma containing dissolved gases which are released from the liquid magma as it reaches the surface and then released into the atmosphere
lahars - rain mixing with ash on the steep side of a volcano creating a giant mudflow OR ash mixing with rain
jokulhlaups - volcano beneath an ice cap erupts and large amounts of ice above it melt, bursting out from the ice cap and surging across the outwash plain surrounded by the ice cap
volcanoes can sometimes trigger a tsunami
volcanoes can cause earthquakes when magma puts pressure on rock until they crack
prediction - knowing when and where a natural hazard will occur
forecasting - provides a percentagechance of a hazard occurring
