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• Stratification of Rocks for Earth Science – Senior High School (Core Subject) Quarter 2 / Week 42 involves the layer formation of rocks, particularly sedimentary rocks.
• Stratified rocks contain layers, which are caused by different factors.
• Stratification is the layering that occurs in most sedimentary rocks and in those igneous rocks formed.
• Rock layer formation occurs at the Earth’s surface, as from lava flows and volcanic fragmental deposits.
• The layered structure of rocks is formed by the deposition of sedimentary rocks.
• The thickness of the layers in stratified rocks varies in millimetres as well as in shape.
• The layers in stratified rocks may extend few meters laterally or may cover in many square kilometres.
• The Law of Superposition states that in a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, each layer of rock is older than the layer above it and younger than the rock layer below it.
• In any sequence of layered rocks, a given bed must be older than any bed on top of it.
• Danish scientist Nicholas Steno studied the relative positions of sedimentary rocks and found that solid particles settle from a fluid according to their relative weight or size.
• Conglomerate Rock, Sandstone, Mudstone are types of sedimentary rocks formed by sedimentation.
• The largest, or heaviest, settle first, and the smallest, or lightest, settle last.
• The Law of Original Horizontality states that most sediments, when originally formed, were laid down horizontally.
• The Law of Lateral Continuity suggests that all rock layers are laterally continuous and may be broken up or displaced by later events.
• Layering, or bedding, is the most obvious feature of sedimentary rocks.
• Sedimentary rocks are formed particle by particle and bed by bed, and the layers are piled one on top of the other.
• Slight changes in particle size or composition result in the formation of layers, also called beds, in the rock.
• Stratified rocks show about the environment in which the rock was formed.
• If we have a layer of shale overlain by a layer of limestone, then we know the environment was once mud-covered before flooding and growing into a shallow sea.
• The principle of lateral continuity in rock geology is illustrated by the black line cutting across the rocks, signifying the offset between the layers.
• Inclusions are pieces of an older rock that are contained inside of a younger rock, indicating that the rock layer that contains inclusions must be younger than the rock from which the pieces came.
• An unconformity is a surface of erosion or non-deposition that separates rock layers of considerably different ages, with three different types: angular, disconformity, and nonconformity.
• A disconformity occurs when horizontal sedimentary rock is deposited on top of an older eroded sedimentary rock, with the massive cliffs at Shades State Park being a disconformity where Mississippian-age siltstone is overlain by significantly younger Pennsylvanian-age sandstone.
• A nonconformity occurs when horizontal sedimentary rock is deposited on top of older eroded igneous or metamorphic rock, with the Grand Canyon being a nonconformity where Precambrian age metamorphic rocks are overlain by horizontal Cambrian-age sedimentary rocks.
• An angular unconformity occurs when horizontal sedimentary rock is deposited on top of tilted and eroded rock layers, with Siccar Point in Scotland being an example.
• Agents which cause the different groups of sediments to be deposited include wind, water, ice, and/or gravity at different intervals of time and compacted on top of each other, until they create a sedimentary rock that has several different types of sediments in the form of layers.
• With the passage of time and the accumulation of more particles, and often with chemical changes, the sediments at the bottom of the pile become rock.
• The pictures below show examples of sediment accumulation where gravel becomes a rock called conglomerate, sand becomes sandstone, mud becomes mudstone or shale, and the animal skeletons and plant pieces can become fossils.
• STRATIFICATION OF ROCKS
• Stratification of Rocks is a topic in Earth Science for Senior High School (Core Subject) Quarter 2 / Week 42.
• Stratification refers to the layering that occurs in most sedimentary rocks and in those igneous rocks formed at the Earth’s surface, as from lava flows and volcanic fragmental deposits.
• The layered structure of rocks is formed by the deposition of sedimentary rocks.
• The thickness of the layers in stratified rock can vary from millimetres to several metres and may extend laterally for a few metres or cover many square kilometres.
• Stratified rock is made of visible layers of sediment, which are caused by different factors.
• Stratification is the layering that occurs in most sedimentary rocks and in those igneous rocks formed at the Earth’s surface, as from lava flows and volcanic fragmental deposits.
• An unconformity is a surface of erosion or non-deposition that separates rock layers of considerably different ages, with three different types: angular, disconformity, and nonconformity.
• A nonconformity occurs when horizontal sedimentary rock is deposited on top of older eroded igneous or metamorphic rock, with the Grand Canyon being a nonconformity where Precambrian age metamorphic rocks are overlain by horizontal Cambrian-age sedimentary rocks.
• Inclusions are pieces of an older rock that are contained inside of a younger rock, indicating that the rock layer that contains inclusions must be younger than the rock from which the pieces came.
• The principle of lateral continuity in rock geology is illustrated by the black line cutting across the rocks, signifying the offset between the layers.
• A disconformity occurs when horizontal sedimentary rock is deposited on top of an older eroded sedimentary rock, with the massive cliffs at Shades State Park being a disconformity where Mississippian-age siltstone is overlain by significantly younger Pennsylvanian-age sandstone.