Aesthetic considerations

• What is Taurodontism?

  Molar condition in which the root is relatively short
• Congenital porphryia

  
• Bilirubin associated 0discolouration

  
• Dentogenesis Imperfecta

  
• Pulp necrosis

  
• Systemic Illness

  
• Severe Fluorisis

  
• Mild Fluorosis

  
• Tetracycline Staining

  
• Tetracycline Staining

  
• Molar-incisor Hypoplasia Incisors

  
• Molar-incisor Hypoplasia Molars

  
• Taurodontism

  
• Hypomaturations

  
• Hypocalcification

  
• Severe Hypoplasia

  
• Mild Hypoplasia

  
• Internal resoption

  
• Loss of vitality

  
• Injury/infection of primary successor

  
• Chlorhexadine Staining

  
• Chromogenic Bacteria

  
• Before and after of enamel from microabrasion

  
• Equipment for Microabrasion

  
• What causes tooth discolouration?

  Extrinsic/ Intrinsic causes

  Enamel - local/systemic

  Dentine - local/systemic
• What are some Extrinsic causes of tooth discolouration?

  Food/beverages Smoking Poor oral hygiene Drugs Chromogenic bacteria

  
• What are some Local Intrinsic (Enamel) causes of tooth discolouration?

  LOCAL

  Caries, Injury/infection of primary successor, Loss of vitality secondary to trauma/infection, internal resorption, Idiopathic

  
• What does a tooth thats lost its vitality look like?

  Greyish appearance

  
• What does internal reabsorption look like?

  
• What are some Systemic Intrinsic (Enamel) causes of tooth discolouration?

  • Amelogenesis imperfecta
  • MIH (molar-incisor hypoplasia)
  • Drugs
  • Fluorosis
  • Systemic illness during tooth formation(chronological)
  • Idiopathic - disease which arises spontaneously
• What is Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

  Aetiology Hereditary enamel defect Single gene mutation May be associated with a syndrome Classification: Hypoplasia, Hypocalcification, Hypomaturation
• What are the associated features of Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

  Associated features Anterior open bite Failures of eruption Absence of third molars Radiographically: taurodontism
• What does sever Hypoplasia look like?

  
• What does Hypocalcification look like?

  
• What does Hypomaturation look like?

  
• What is Taurodontism?

  a developmental disturbance of a tooth in which body is enlarged at the expense of the roots. An enlarged pulp chamber, apical displacement of the pulpal floor and lack of constriction at the cementoenamel junction are the characteristic features

  
• What is Molar - Incisor Hypoplasia?

  • tooth condition where the enamel is softer than normal
  • lead to dental decay or a crumbly tooth
  • Aetiology: Unknown? Genetic? Environmental?
  • Presentation Mineralization defects of 1-4 of first permanent molars with affected incisors
  • Prevalence- 3.6-25%

  
• When is MIH usually noticed?

  MIH is usually noticed when the adult incisors (front teeth) or molars (back teeth) come into the mouth around age 6 to 7 years. It can sometimes affect the back baby molar teeth and in these cases can be seen in the mouth from 2 to 3 years of age onwards

  
• How does Tetracycline affect the teeth?

  • During pregnancy and childhood
  • Distinctive blue/grey discolouration
  • May have chronological banded distribution

  
• What is Fluorosis?

  Aetiology  Excessive intake of fluoride  Natural sources, over use of fluoride supplements or fluoride toothpaste

  Presentation  Dose dependent  Mild - opacity of enamel  Severe - more marked opacity, areas of discolouration, pitting, more extensive hypoplastic defects