Class 12 Botany

• Cells are the basic unit of life that carry out all metabolic activities.
• Roots are the underground part of the plant that absorbs water, minerals, and other nutrients from soil.
• The plant body is made up of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
• Shoots are the above-ground part of the plant that includes stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
• The plant body is divided into two main parts - roots and shoot.
• Tissue refers to a group of similar or dissimilar cells working together to perform specific functions.
• Plant cells have cell walls made up of cellulose, which provides structural support to the plant body.
• Plants have different types of roots such as taproot, fibrous root system, adventitious root, and prop root.
• The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.
• Flowers exist for the aid of sexual reproduction.
• All flowering plants show sexual reproduction.
• Flowers have a myriad of structures and processes to ensure the formation of fruits and seeds.
• Human beings have had an intimate relationship with flowers since time immemorial.
• Important Questions for Class 12 History Chapter Wise
• Important Questions for Class 12 English Chapter Wise
• Important Questions for Class 12 Computer Science Chapter Wise
• Business Studies Class 12 Important Questions Chapter Wise
• Political Science Class 12 Important Questions
• Important Questions for Class 12 Biology Chapter Wise
• Important Questions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter Wise
• Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions
• Informatics Practices Class 12 Important Questions
• Important Questions for Class 12 Maths Chapter Wise
• Important Questions for Class 12 Accountancy Chapter Wise
• Important Questions for Class 12 Physics with Answers
• Important Questions for Class 12 Economics Chapter Wise
• Flowers are objects of aesthetic, ornamental, social, religious and cultural value and have been used as symbols for conveying important human feelings such as love, affection, happiness, grief, mourning, etc.
• Flowers are morphological and embryological marvels and the sites of sexual reproduction.
• The two most important units of sexual reproduction develop in the two parts of a flower in which the flower is yet to appear.
• Several hormonal and structural changes are initiated which lead to the differentiation and further development of the floral primordium.
• Inflorescences are formed which bear the floral buds and then the flowers.
• In the flower, the male and female reproductive structures, the androecium and the gynoecium differentiate and develop.
• The androecium consists of a whorl of stamens representing the male reproductive organ and the gynoecium represents the female reproductive organ.
• The stamen consists of a long and slender stalk called the filament and a terminal generally bilobed structure called the anther.
• The proximal end of the filament is attached to the thalamus or the petal of the flower.
• The number and length of stamens are variable in flowers of different species.
• If you were to collect a stamen each from ten flowers (each from different species) and arrange them on a slide, you would be able to appreciate the large variation in size seen in nature.
• The flowers pollinated by flies and beetles secrete foul odours to attract these animals.
• Pollen grains in many such species are long, ribbon like and they are carried passively inside the water; some of them reach the stigma and achieve pollination.
• The larvae of the moth come out of the eggs as the seeds start developing.