experiments

• Harvey and Slatin (1976):

  1. showed photos of children from different classes
  2. photos divided equally in gender and ethnicity
  3. lower class children seen as less favourable
• Charkin et al (1975):

  1. uni students filmed teaching a boy a lesson
  2. 1/3 given positive label, 1/3 negative label, 1/3 no label
  3. video showed positive group gave more eye contact and encouraging body language
• Mason (1973):

  1. teachers given positive, neutral and negative reports on child
  2. teachers observe taking a test and predict attainment
  3. negative reports had much greater impact than positive reports
• Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968):

  1. fake IQ test performed by kids
  2. researchers supposedly identify 'spurters' (20% of pupils) - picked randomly
  3. spurters gained 12 IQ points vs 8
• Clairborn (1969): (pygmalion R and J 1968 repeat with observation) no evidence of teacher expectations being passed on through classroom interactions