nerve cells

• Biological Psychology focuses on the 'hardware' that implements cognition and behaviour.
• Saltatory conduction is the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next node, increasing the conduction velocity of action potentials.
• Myelin speeds up neurons signal transmission.
• Microglia are the smallest and least abundant (20%) type of glial cell.
• Microglia are glial cells involved in immune response in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and help clean up debris/dying cells; they are highly motile.
• Oligodendrocytes are glial cells found in the Central Nervous System (CNS).
• Microglia derive from white cells and migrate to the Central Nervous System (CNS) during embryonic and fetal development.
• There are two forms of microglia: the ramified form, which is the dormant state, and the amoeboid form, which is the activated, mobile state when microglia are engaged in phagocytic activity.
• Activated microglia secrete signaling molecules (cytokines) that modulate local inflammatory responses.
• Schwann Cells are glial cells found in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
• The brain, which is part of the central nervous system (CNS), is responsible for thinking, learning, memory and emotion.
• The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) which includes all other parts of the nervous system.
• The brain stem, which regulates heart rate, breathing, sleep cycles and emotions, is part of the brain.
• The cerebral cortex, which is part of the brain, functions include planning, reasoning, language, recognising sounds and images, and memory.
• When the signal reaches the end of the axon, it is transmitted to another neuron across a junction called a synapse by chemicals called neurotransmitters.
• The cerebellum, which is important for coordination, precision and timing of movement, is part of the brain.
• Gall’s Localization of Function states that a different, specific area controls each kind of behaviour or behavioural trait.
• The corpus callosum, which connects the brain’s right and left hemispheres, is part of the cerebral cortex.
• The cells of the nervous system are called neurons.
• An electrical signal is transmitted along the axon of a neuron.
• Neurones communicate with each other using a mixture of electrical & chemical signals.
• Mitochondrion performs metabolic activities and provides energy that the cells requires.
• Neurons contain the structures found in other cells in the body: Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, and Endoplasmic reticulum.
• Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of thin tubes that transports newly synthesized proteins to their location.
• Neurons have complex intracellular machinery to support their function.
• Signals sent from your central nervous system to the NMJ tell muscles to move.
• Nucleus contains the chromosomes.
• Neuron cells are similar to other cells of the body but have a distinctive shape.
• Membrane separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.
• Neurons last a lifetime, and do not undergo mitosis (cannot be replaced) except stem cells.
• Neurons are polarized, receive signals, send signals and stimulate other cells.
• The human nervous system comprises two kinds of cells: Neurons and Glia.
• Neurons require an abundance of oxygen and glucose (High Metabolic Rate).
• Neurons are the structural and functional unit of the Nervous System.
• Ribosomes are sites at which the cell synthesizes new protein molecules.
• The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the point where your muscles and nervous system meet.
• In the late 1800s, the Spanish investigator Santiago Ramon y Cajal was the first to demonstrate that the individual cells comprising the nervous system remained separate.
• The synapses at the NMJ use a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine.
• Motor neurons have their soma in the spinal cord, receive excitation from other neurons, and conduct impulses along their axon to a muscle.
• Synapses and dendritic spines change in number during development, in response to sensory stimulation, learning and experience, and show plasticity.