Generic diagrams and punnet squares

• Genetic diagrams show all the different combinations of alleles that can be obtained from two parents.
• A single gene can determine how muscular a mouse will be, with the dominant allele coding for normal amounts of muscle and the recessive allele coding for a muscular mass.
• Alleles can be represented as upper and lowercase versions of the same letter, with the uppercase letter indicating it's dominant and the lowercase one being recessive.
• To draw a genetic diagram, first find the parents' phenotype and genotype, then find all of the gametes' genotypes, and finally find the offspring's genotypes and phenotypes.
• In a genetic diagram, the parents' phenotype and genotype are represented as capital and lowercase letters respectively.
• The gametes' genotypes in a genetic diagram are represented as upper and lowercase letters, with the uppercase letter indicating it's dominant and the lowercase one being recessive.
• The offspring's genotypes and phenotypes in a genetic diagram are found by doing all the possible combinations of the parents' gametes.
• A genetic diagram can also be represented using a punnett square, which is a large square split into four smaller squares to give us a two by two grid.
• The probability of having muscular offspring can be calculated as a ratio or probability.
• If the offspring are all heterozygous, they will all have the normal phenotype.
• The phenotypes of the offspring can be determined by filling in the squares of a genetic diagram.
• The phenotypes of the offspring can be determined by filling in the squares of a Punnett square.
• In a genetic diagram, crossing two heterozygous mice results in one homozygous dominant, two heterozygous, and one homozygous recessive offspring.
• In a Punnett square, if two heterozygous normal offspring were to mate, the outcome would be one homozygous dominant offspring, two heterozygous offspring, and one homozygous recessive offspring.
• Punnett squares show us almost all the same information as genetic diagrams do but they're much simpler to draw.
• The only downside of using Punnett squares is they don't show us the phenotypes of the parents or offspring.
• If one of the parents is homozygous recessive, the offspring will be muscular.