Chemistry(N)

• Matter: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up

  space
• Mass: Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in an object
• Volume: Volume is a measure of how much space an object takes up
• Particle Arrangement in solids: In solids, the particles are close together (stronger attractive force)
• Particle Arrangement in liquids: In liquids, the particles are farther apart (weaker attractive forces)
• Particle Arrangement in gases: In gases, particles are very far apart (very weak forces)
• The Particle Theory: The Particle Theory is a way to describe the

  structure of matter and its behavior.
• Particle Theory (4)

  All matter is composed of very tiny objects called

  particles

  All particles have space between them

  Particles present in matter are always in motion

  The particles in a substance attract each other
• Particles in ice:

  In ice, the particles vibrate but cannot move around. The particles are

  very attracted to each other.
• Particles when heat is added: When heat is added, the particles slide past each other forming liquids and break away from each other forming gases as more heat is added.
• Matter: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
• Whats matter made of: Particles
• What is a property: A property is a characteristic that describes a

  substance.
• How can substances be classified: Substances can be classified as pure substances or mixtures, depending on how their particles are arranged.
• Matter is two categories: Mixtures and Pure substances
• Pure substances are: Compounds and elements
• Mixtures are: heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures (uniform)
• heterogeneous mixtures : Mechanical mixtures and suspensions
• homogeneous mixtures (uniform): solutions
• Compounds: a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; H2O and CO2
• elements: A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen
• heterogeneous mixtures: A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture; choc chip cookies, salad and pizza
• homogeneous mixtures (uniform): A homogeneous mixture is a gaseous, liquid or solid mixture that has the same proportions of its components throughout a given sample. It is uniform in composition throughout; Blood, Air and Sea water
• Mechanical Mixtures: When different kinds of matter are visible in the mixture it is called a mechanical mixture (or heterogeneous mixture). In a mechanical mixture, the particles are unevenly distributed in groups. Examples of mechanical mixtures include a toy box, cereal and milk or a pizza.
• Suspensions: A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Here, the particles are suspended throughout the solution in bulk and can be easily seen by naked eyes. In it, particles of the solute do not dissolve in the solution and are rather suspended; Mud, sand in water and chalk in water
• Mixtures:

  Have two or more different types of particles

  Three kinds of mixtures: mechanical mixtures,

  solutions and suspensions.
• Solutions:

  In a solution the different substances that make it up

  are not individually visible; sugar dissolved in tea or coffee

  When you stir the sugar into the tea it appears to disappear
• A physical Property: A physical property describes a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured.
• Physical Properties: Colour, Taste, Odour, Clarity, Lustre, Texture, Form, Brittleness, Hardness, Malleability, Ductility, Viscosity, Conductivity, Cohesion and Adhesion and Density
• Chemical Property: A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substance or substances; Chemical properties include how a substance interacts with other substances, heat or light.
• Chemical Change: A chemical change always results in the formation of a new substance or substances.
• Chem reaction: A chemical reaction is a process in which a chemical change occurs.
• Chemical properties can be observed only when a chemical

  change has occurred: Statement
• Slope Formula: (y2 -y1)/(x2 - x1) = rise/run = vert change/ horizontal change
• Chopping a piece of wood: Physical Change
• Burning a piece of wood: Chemical
• What's an atom: An atom is the smallest part of an element that has all the element’s properties.
• Atomic Theory: Atomic theory is the study of nature of atoms and how they combine to form all types of matter.
• Compounds: A compound is a substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined.
• Two Types of Compounds:

  Ionic

  Molecular