Global development

• How do definitions of development vary?

  They vary in measurement and interpretation.
• What are the types of indicators used to measure development?

  Economic, social, and political indicators.
• What does GDP stand for?

  Gross Domestic Product
• What does the Corruption Perception Index measure?

  It grades government quality from corrupt to clean.
• What factors contribute to the human development of a country?

  • Economic: income, growth, industry types
  • Social: healthcare, education, housing
  • Cultural: democracy, work-life balance
  • Technological: internet access, mechanisation
  • Food and water security: access to food and water
• What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

  It combines income, life expectancy, and education.
• How does development vary globally?

  It is uneven, with higher levels in the north.
• Where are lower levels of development typically found?

  In South America and Africa.
• What is the Brandt Line?

  It separates developed and developing countries.
• Why is the Development Continuum a better model than the Brandt Line?

  It provides a more nuanced understanding of development.
• What factors affect levels of development globally?

  • Physical: natural resources, climate, hazards
  • Historical: colonial links, trading relationships
  • Economic: economy type, debt
  • Social: health and education investment
• What factors affect levels of development in the UK?

  • Physical: accessibility and industrial potential
  • Historical: impacts of deindustrialisation
  • Economic: employment rates, salaries, housing prices
• What are some consequences of uneven global development?

  Health, education, employment, food security, housing, technology.
• How does uneven development affect healthcare?

  Healthcare is limited in the developed world.
• What impact does uneven development have on education?

  Not all children attend school, lowering literacy.
• How does employment differ in developing countries?

  Wages are lower and jobs are often informal.
• What is the impact of food and water security on development?

  Lack of clean water leads to malnutrition.
• What housing issues arise from uneven development?

  Many live in unplanned settlements with poor sanitation.
• How does technology impact development in poorer regions?

  Few have skills to use technology effectively.
• What strategies are used to address uneven development?

  • International aid: resources from one country to another
  • Trade agreements: removing tariffs to boost trade
  • Fair trade: better prices for producers
  • Foreign direct investment (FDI): TNCs investing in developing countries
  • Top-down development: large-scale projects by governments/TNCs
  • Bottom-up development: local projects by NGOs
• What is international aid?

  Resources provided by one country to another.
• What is the role of trade agreements in development?

  They help countries increase trade by removing tariffs.
• What are the pros and cons of top-down development?

  Positively, it opens investment; negatively, locals may not benefit.
• What are the pros and cons of bottom-up development?

  Positively, it targets local needs; negatively, it is slow.
• Where is India located?

  In the northern hemisphere, on the continent of Asia.
• What is the social context of India?

  Population divided into over 29 states and castes.
• How many Indian diasporas are there globally?

  20 million in 100 countries.
• What is the political context of India?

  It is the largest country in the Indian subcontinent.
• What is the cultural context of India?

  80% of the population are Hindu.
• What is the environmental context of India?

  India experiences two monsoon seasons.
• How is development uneven across India?

  Core regions are economically advanced; periphery regions are not.
• What is the core region in India?

  Goa, where investment has created jobs.
• What is the peripheral region in India?

  Bihar, with little investment and slow development.
• What changes occurred in India's economic sectors since independence?

  Shift from agriculture to industrial and service sectors.
• What percentage of India's GDP is agriculture?

  It has halved to a quarter of GDP.
• What is the impact of industrialization in India?

  It causes air pollution and urban density.
• What is the proportion of services in India's GDP?

  Over 50% of GDP.
• What are India's key imports?

  Oil, gold, silver, and electrical goods.
• What are India's key exports?

  Oil products, gems, and jewellery.
• How has international aid changed for India?

  It has decreased; India now sends aid abroad.