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Psychology
C2: Nervous System
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Central Nervous System
(CNS) controls the
brain
and
spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS) has two parts;
Autonomic
and
Somatic
Nervous System
has two subparts,
Central Nervous System
(
CNS
) and
Peripheral Nervous System
(
PNS
)
Autonomic
regulates
internal bodily functions
Somatic
controls
voluntary movement
Sympathetic
Heart rate
increases
Breathing
increases
Pupils
dilate
Indigestion
Activates
sweat glands
Blood pressure
increases
Dried up mouth
Parasympathetic
Heart rate
decreases
Breathing
decreases
Pupils
contract
Stimulates digestion
Deactivates
sweat glands
Blood pressure
decreases
Activates
saliva
Three types of neurons:
Sensory Neurons
,
Motor Neurons
and
Inter Neurons. Nanny Neurons
(
Glial Cells
) are not proven to be neurons yet.
Sensory Neurons
are found in the
CNS
, they send signals to the
brain
Motor Neurons
are found in the
PNS
, they send signals to the
brain
and
spinal cord
to the
muscles
and
glands
Inter Neurons
are found in the
CNS
, they
relay
information between the
sensory
and
motor neurons
Glial Cells
/
Nanny Neurons
takes care of other
cells
and the
nervous system
Neurons
are the
basic units
of the
nervous system
Dendrites
receive
messages
from other
cells
The
Soma
/
Cell Body
helps keep the neuron
healthy
and
functioning
The
Axon
passes
messages
from the
cell body
to other
neurons
The
Axon Terminal
form
junctions
with other cells
An
Action Potential
is an
electrical signal
that is sent along a neuron when
stimulation
is detected
Refractory Period
is when the neuron is
unable
to fire an
action potential
Resting Potential
is the
difference
of when a
neuron
is and is not
stimulated
The "
All-or-none-principal
" is the idea that neuron can only
respond
to a certain
level
of
stimulation
Synapse
is the
gap
between
neurons
that
prevents
a
signal
from
passing
to the
next one
Neurotransmitters
are
substances neurons
use to
communicate
Re-Uptake
is when a neuron
reabsorbs
messengers, clears the
synapse
and regulates
neurotransmitters
An
Agonist
enhances
the effect of a
neurotransmitter
An
Antagonist
decreases
a
neurotransmitters
release
Acetylcholine
is important for
learning
,
memory
,
sleep
and
muscle movement
Low levels of
Acetylcholine
can lead to
Alzheimer
; High levels can lead to
depression
Agonists of
Acetylcholine
is
nicotine
,
caffeine
and
venom
; Antagonists are
botulin
and
curare. Poison
is considered
both.
Dopamine
is important for
motivation
,
interest
,
attention
,
behavior
and
movement.
Low
levels of
Dopamine
can lead to
depression
;
High
levels can lead to
schizophrenia
and
ADHD
Agonists
for
Dopamine
are
L-Dopa
,
nicotine
,
caffeine
and
Amphetamine
;
Antagonist
is
cocaine
Endorphins
relieve
pain
and boost ones
mood
High
levels of
Endorphins
can lead to
depression
Agonists for
Endorphins
are
morphine
,
heroine
,
oxycodone
and
Fetanyll
; Antagonist is
naloxone
Epinephrine
produces
arousal
,
vigilance
,
eating
and
appetite.
Low
levels of
Epinephrine
can lead to
depression
;
High
levels can lead to
schizophrenia
Agonists
for
Epinephrine
are
SPEED
,
cocaine
and
Fetamine
GABA
produces
excitement
,
fear
and
anxiety
Low levels of
GABA
can lead to
seizures
and
schizophrenia
;
High
levels can lead to impaired
motor movement
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