C2: Nervous System

Cards (88)

  • Central Nervous System (CNS) controls the brain and spinal cord
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) has two parts; Autonomic and Somatic
  • Nervous System has two subparts, Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
  • Autonomic regulates internal bodily functions
  • Somatic controls voluntary movement
  • Sympathetic
    • Heart rate increases
    • Breathing increases
    • Pupils dilate
    • Indigestion
    • Activates sweat glands
    • Blood pressure increases
    • Dried up mouth
  • Parasympathetic
    • Heart rate decreases
    • Breathing decreases
    • Pupils contract
    • Stimulates digestion
    • Deactivates sweat glands
    • Blood pressure decreases
    • Activates saliva
  • Three types of neurons: Sensory Neurons, Motor Neurons and Inter Neurons. Nanny Neurons (Glial Cells) are not proven to be neurons yet.
  • Sensory Neurons are found in the CNS, they send signals to the brain
  • Motor Neurons are found in the PNS, they send signals to the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
  • Inter Neurons are found in the CNS, they relay information between the sensory and motor neurons
  • Glial Cells/Nanny Neurons takes care of other cells and the nervous system
  • Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system
  • Dendrites receive messages from other cells
  • The Soma/Cell Body helps keep the neuron healthy and functioning
  • The Axon passes messages from the cell body to other neurons
  • The Axon Terminal form junctions with other cells
  • An Action Potential is an electrical signal that is sent along a neuron when stimulation is detected
  • Refractory Period is when the neuron is unable to fire an action potential
  • Resting Potential is the difference of when a neuron is and is not stimulated
  • The "All-or-none-principal" is the idea that neuron can only respond to a certain level of stimulation
  • Synapse is the gap between neurons that prevents a signal from passing to the next one
  • Neurotransmitters are substances neurons use to communicate
  • Re-Uptake is when a neuron reabsorbs messengers, clears the synapse and regulates neurotransmitters
  • An Agonist enhances the effect of a neurotransmitter
  • An Antagonist decreases a neurotransmitters release
  • Acetylcholine is important for learning, memory, sleep and muscle movement
  • Low levels of Acetylcholine can lead to Alzheimer; High levels can lead to depression
  • Agonists of Acetylcholine is nicotine, caffeine and venom; Antagonists are botulin and curare. Poison is considered both.
  • Dopamine is important for motivation, interest, attention, behavior and movement.
  • Low levels of Dopamine can lead to depression; High levels can lead to schizophrenia and ADHD
  • Agonists for Dopamine are L-Dopa, nicotine, caffeine and Amphetamine; Antagonist is cocaine
  • Endorphins relieve pain and boost ones mood
  • High levels of Endorphins can lead to depression
  • Agonists for Endorphins are morphine, heroine, oxycodone and Fetanyll; Antagonist is naloxone
  • Epinephrine produces arousal, vigilance, eating and appetite.
  • Low levels of Epinephrine can lead to depression; High levels can lead to schizophrenia
  • Agonists for Epinephrine are SPEED, cocaine and Fetamine
  • GABA produces excitement, fear and anxiety
  • Low levels of GABA can lead to seizures and schizophrenia; High levels can lead to impaired motor movement