Science book4

• the earth spins on its axis in an anti clockwise direction.
• The earth completes one revolution (turn) in 24 hours
• Day is experienced by the half of the earth which is facing the sun
• Night is experienced by the side of the earth which is turned away from the sun
• The sun and other stars appear to slowly move across the sky because the earth is turning.
• the sun rises in the east and sets in the west
• The sun is the highest in the sky in midday and that is when shadows are the shortest.
• The two factors that are responsible for the seasons on earth is 1. the earths axis are at a tilt 2. the earths rotation around the sun
• On march 31st there is equal length day and night
• On september 21st there is equal length day and night
• Summer means long days and short nights because britain is tilted towards the sun
• Winter means short days and long nights because britain is tilted away from the sun
• In summer the sun rises high in the sky and in winter the sun will not rise high in the sky.
• On june 21st at noon in Britain the sun is at its highest point for the year
• the northern hemisphere has summer and winter in summer and winter months and the southern hemisphere has summer in winter months and winter in summer months
• The earth spins on its axis in 24 hours
• It takes a year for the earth to complete one revolution of the sun
• We call the track followed by the earth an orbit
• The tilt of an earths axis is called the seasons
• In summer, days last longer than night
• The earth takes 365.25 days to orbit the sun
• the moon is a satellite in orbit around the earth. it is the earths only natural satellite
• The moon is not luminous, we only see it because it reflects light from the sun
• The moon takes 27.5 days to both orbit the earth and spin once on its axis
• Due to the earth changing position as it orbits the sun we only ever see one face of the moon. This is called synchronorous rotation.
• The moon appears to change shape as it travels round the earth because we can only see the part of the moon that is reflecting sunlight. The change in appearance is known as the lunar phases
• The lunar phases in order are: New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning crescent, last quarter, waning gibbous
• A solar eclipse occurs when the new moon passes between the Earth and the Sun so that the Moon casts a shadow over the Earth.
• A blue moon is the second full moon in the same calendar month and can happen a few times a year
• A lunar eclipse is when the moon travels into the shadow of the earth
• During lunar eclipses, it is sometimes called a blood moon because the moon appears red due to light from the sun being scattered by earths atmosphere
• A solar system consists of a central star with plants orbiting it.
• Our solar system consists of the sun, our star, eight planets and their natural satellites( such as our moon); dwarf planets, asteroids and comets
• Planets from the sun in order are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
• The planets are held in their orbits by the force of gravity and follow elliptical orbits around the sun
• Mercury orbit time 88 days, Venus 225days, Earth 365 days, Mars 687 days, Jupiter 12years, saturn 29years, uranus 84 years, neptune 165 years, pluto 248 years
• Our galaxy is called the milky way
• an exoplanet is a planet that orbits around a star other than the sun.