The Media

• Horizontal Integration: Buying multiple different businesses that are all similar - e.g Facebook buying Instagram
• Vertical Integration: Buying all steps of the process - E.g Newscorp also buying the printing companies
• Rupert Murdoch: The owner of global company NewsCorp
• Diversification: a strategy of increasing sales and reducing risk by introducing new products into new markets
• Technological Convergence: All technological functions are applied to one device. For example smartphones now act as: cameras, music players, can access the internet
• OfCom: Office of Communications, responsible for regulation of traditional media platforms
• Instrumental Marxism: The view that the ruling-classes intentionally manipulate the content of the media to spread ruling-class ideology to brainwash audiences
• Propaganda: Trying to "brainwash" populations to think a certain way
• Agenda Setting: the power of the media to bring public attention to particular issues and problems
• Purchasing Power: Power that the audiences possess - audience control the success and production of the media through selective consumption.
• Citizen Journalism: Media information created by audiences- E.g tweets, Facebook statuses, Instagram photos.
• Patriarchal Ideology: The idea that the media/society is male dominated.
• Glass Ceiling: Women (for example) can see the top job roles but can not achieve them due to invisible barriers.
• Media Saturated Society: A society which is heavily orientated around media products. 21st century society.
• Digital Underclass: A group of people, mainly those from the lowest social classes who are increasingly disadvantaged in comparison to those who have full access to and use of the internet and other digital media.
• Churnalism: practice of churning out news articles based directly on often unchecked sources
• Cultural Pessimsim: The view that new media poses more harm than good for society - e.g. risks of fake news
• Neophiliac: The perspective that digital media has a positive impact on society
• Reference to Elite Nations: If rich countries such as the UK, USA are mentioned in the news there will be more audience interaction.
• False Class Consciousness: The state in which people do not recognise the inequality or their exploitation.
• Reference to Elite People: Stories are more newsworthy if they mention celebrities.
• Moral Panic: The result of the media over-exaggerating and over-reporting a threat in society.
• Tabloidisation: The process in which the news becomes more gossip orientated
• Organisational Constraints: The day to day logistics of gathering the news which may affect which stories are presented and how they are reported to audiences
• Global Village: the world considered as a single global community linked by telecommunications.
• Globalisation: The increasing interconnectivity and global links between countries.
• Cultural Homogenisation: Cultures all become the same and are americanised.
• Scapegoating: Blaming an innocent person or a group for an unrelated issue
• Male Gaze: The media operates through a male perspective.
• Symbolic annihilation: The absence of representation, or underrepresentation, of certain social groups in the media
• Objectification: Women are seen as actual objects (for example in beer advertisements)
• Beauty Myth: Society teaches women to measure their worth in terms of physical appearance - which is often unattainable. This helps sell cosmetic products
• Islamophobia: Religious discrimination against people of the Muslim community (this can also be applied to non muslim communities)
• Hierarchy of Creditablility: The idea that those sources that are considered more reputable and trust worthy are those who are a part of the ruling-classes
• Folk Devil: The subject of a moral panic.
• Interactivity: is the ability of the user to interact with an application or the media.
• Gatekeepers: media executives,editors, and journalist who control the content of news and decide what to hold back from the public
• News Values: Factors/characteristics which make a story newsworthy.
• Extraordinariness: If an event is spectacular or very impressive/unlikely it will draw in more audiences.
• Digital Divide: the gap between those who have ready access to computers and the Internet, and those who do not.