Biology- Plants and Photosynthesis

• What is the function of chloroplasts in plants?

  They allow the plant to make food by photosynthesis
• What structure holds leaves, flowers, and fruits?

  Parts of a tree
• What are the main parts of a tree and their functions?

  • Roots: Anchor the plant, conduct water and nutrients
  • Stem: Supports trunk and branches, produces food for leaves
  • Leaves: Make food using sunlight
  • Flowers: Help in reproduction
  • Fruits: Contain seeds
• What do roots do for a plant?

  They anchor the plant and conduct nutrients
• How do stems support a tree?

  They support the trunk and branches
• What is the function of leaves in a plant?

  They make food using sunlight
• What role do flowers play in a plant's life cycle?

  They help in reproduction and seed formation
• What do fruits contain?

  Seeds
• What is the purpose of roots in a plant?

  To take in water and minerals
• What is the first stage of a plant's life cycle?

  Seed
• What does a seed contain?

  A baby plant and stored food
• What is required for seed germination?

  Oxygen, water, sunlight, and temperature
• What happens during the seeding stage?

  Seedlings grow and obtain nutrients
• What do adult plants do?

  Absorb nutrients and perform photosynthesis
• What are the stages of a flowering plant's life cycle?

  1. Pollination: Transfer of pollen to stigma
  2. Fertilization: Male and female gametes join
  3. Seed disposal: Seeds spread from the plant
  4. Germination: Seed grows into a new plant
• What is pollination?

  Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
• What is the difference between cross-pollination and self-pollination?

  Cross-pollination is between different plants
• What are the two main methods of pollination?

  Insects and wind
• What happens during fertilization in plants?

  Pollen enters ovule and fuses with egg
• What is the function of the anther in a flower?

  Produces pollen
• What is the role of the ovary in a flower?

  Contains ovules that develop into seeds
• What is the function of the stigma in a flower?

  Receives pollen during pollination
• What is photosynthesis?

  Process of making glucose using sunlight
• What are the raw materials for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?

  $6CO_2 +$$6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 +$$6O_2$
• What evidence supports the process of photosynthesis?

  • Plants produce more food under ideal conditions
  • Fresh weight of plants differs based on light and water
  • Carbon dioxide is used to form glucose
• What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

  Absorbs light energy
• What adaptations do leaves have for photosynthesis?

  Thin structure and many chloroplasts
• What are the structures and functions of leaf tissues?

  • Palisade Layer: Contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis
  • Spongy Mesophyll: Has air spaces for gas exchange
  • Cuticle: Protects leaf and prevents water loss
  • Stomata: Allows gas exchange
  • Xylem: Transports water and minerals
• What is the function of the cuticle in leaves?

  Prevents water loss
• What is the role of guard cells in leaves?

  Open and close stomata for gas exchange
• What is the function of the sepal in a flower?

  Protects the flower when in bud
• What is the function of petals in a flower?

  Attracts pollinators with bright colors
• What is the function of the carpel in a flower?

  Contains female reproductive parts
• What is the function of the stamen in a flower?

  Produces male gametes (pollen)
• What are the events in the life cycle of a flowering plant?

  1. Pollination
  2. Fertilization
  3. Seed disposal
  4. Germination
• What is the 'stone' in the middle of a fruit?

  Seed
• What part of a flower develops into the 'stone' of a fruit?

  Ovary
• What happens to the fruit during seed disposal?

  Absorbs water and begins to crack
• What is the main purpose of sexual reproduction in plants?

  To produce flowers and seeds