Quiz

• The dance is arrogant and dignified where the dancer takes strong steps forward with the heels accompanied by artistic hand movements, foot stomping, sharp and quick.
• African music is one of the most influential styles of music in the world, having greatly influenced the music of Contemporary America, Latin America and European music.
• African music is characterized by highly energetic and rhythmically challenging beats that are universal.
• Jazz, Gospel and Spiritual, and RnB are genres of music that have deep roots to African music.
• African music was primarily performed during rituals in the monumental parts of their lives like birth, marriage, death and war.
• Music was usually performed with dancing as a part of gatherings whether it is social or political.
• African traditional music is mainly functional in nature which is used primarily in ceremonial rites, such as birth, death, marriage, succession, worship, and spirit invocations.
• Some types of African Music include Afrobeat, Apala (Akpala), Axe, Jit, Jive, Juju, Kwassa Kwassa, Maracatu, Blues, Soul, and Spiritual.
• Vocal forms of African music include Maracatu, Blues, Soul, and Spiritual.
• Ocarina is an ancient vessel flute made of clay or ceramic with four to 12 finger holes and a mouthpiece that projected from the body.
• Quenas are vertical cane flutes with an end-notched made from fragile bamboo, used during the dry season.
• Cumbia is a popular African courtship dance with European and African instrumentation and characteristics, originating in Panama and Colombia, containing varying rhythmic meters.
• Cha Cha is a ballroom dance originated in Cuba in 1953 that was derived from the mambo, the Cuban Cha Cha is considered more sensual because it contains polyrhythmic patterns.
• Huehueti is a Mexican upright tubular drum used by the Aztecs and other ancient civilizations, made of wood opened at the bottom and standing on three legs cut from the base, with its stretched skin beaten by the hand or a wooden mallet.
• Foxtrot is a 20th century social dance that originated after 1910 in the USA, with no fixed step pattern, instead borrowing from other dance forms and having a simple forward/backward sequence.
• Andean Instruments are the instruments that were being played during the Andean Civilization (c. 3000 BCE – 1537), considered indigenous and not derived from other civilizations mainly because they came from the river valleys of the coastal desserts of Peru.
• Incan Instruments are instruments that were being played during the civilization of Inca between 1400 and 1533 CE in Pre-Columbian America, which was centered in what is now Peru.
• Siku is a side-blown cane flute that is played all year round.
• Mariachi is an extremely popular band in Mexico whose original ensemble consisted of violins, guitars, harp, and an enormous guitarron.
• Bossa nova is the slower and gentler version of the Cuban Samba, originated in the 1950s, it is the Portuguese term for “new trend”, integrating melody, harmony and rhythm into swaying feel and oftenly sang in a nasal manner.
• Rasp is a hand percussion instrument whose sound is produced by scraping a group of notched sticks with another stick, creating a series of rattling effects.
• Rumba is a popular recreational dance with Afro-Cuban origin, normally used as a ballroom dance where a couple would be in an embrace though slightly apart, with the rocking of the hips to a fast-fast-slow sequence.
• Paso Doble is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bullfights, meaning “double step”.
• Zampoñas (Panpipes) are ancient instruments tuned to different scalar varieties, played by blowing across the tubetop.
• Tango is a foremost Argentinian and Uruguayan urban popular song and dance and remains a 20th century nationalistic Argentinian piece of music that is most expressive.
• Reggae is an urban popular music and dance style that originated in Jamaica in the mid1960s, instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat and the offbeat rhythm section, with Bob Marley as the best-known proponent.
• Tarkas are vertical duct flutes with a mouthpiece similar to that of a recorder, used during the rainy season.
• The Incas built one of the largest, most tightly controlled empires the world has ever known.
• African music has a very wide range of genres including all the major instrumental genres of western music and a tremendous variety of specific African musical instruments for solo or ensemble playing.
• Tlapitzalli is a flute variety from the Aztec culture made of clay with decorations of abstract designs or images of their deities.
• Salsa is a social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico that started in New York in the mid-1970’s, containing elements from the swing dance and hustle as well as the complex Afro-Cuban and Afro-Caribbean dance forms of pachanga and guaguanco.
• The music of Latin America is the product of three major influences: Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and African.
• The African influence on Latin American music is most pronounced in its rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by drums and various percussion instruments.
• Son is a fusion of the popular music or canciones (songs) of Spain and the African rumba rhythms of Bantu origin, originating in Cuba, usually played with the guitar, contrabass, bongos, maracas, and claves.
• Teponaztli is a Mexican slit drum hollowed out and carved from a piece of hardwood with designs representing human figures or animals to be used for both religious and recreational purposes.
• The music of Latin America includes the countries that have a colonial history from Spain and Portugal, divided into the following areas: Andean Region, Central America, Caribbean, and Brazil.
• Aztec and Mayan people are people who lived in Southern Mexico and Northern Central America during the Aztec Empire (c. 1345 - 1521 CE) and Mayan Civilization (1800 BC – AD 950).
• Conch is a wind instrument made from a seashell usually of a large sea snail, prepared by cutting a hole in its spine near the apex, and then blown into as if it were a trumpet.
• The varied cultures developed in Latin America gave rise to different types of wind and percussion instruments.
• The different regions of Latin America adopted various characteristics from their European colonizers.