TRANSPORT/ CIRCULATION

• Circulatory systems allow important biological fluids to be transported around the organism so that the organism can breathe, gain nutrition, and maintain its internal environment for survival.
• Xylem - transports water and nutrients from the roots to the different parts of the plant
• Phloem - transports sugars and other metabolic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant
• Tracheid - elongated cells in the xylem that help in the transport of water and nutrients
• Sieve tubes - elongated cells in the phloem that serve as conduits of sugar transport
• Fluids circulate through transpiration pull, or the evaporation of water from the plant's leaves.
• BLOOD

  • transports gases and nutrients in the animal's body; • carries waste out of the body;
  • regulates the organism's body temperature and pH level of acidity);
  • helps in healing and prevention of further damage (through platelet formation); and
  • plays an important role in the immune system.
• Most invertebrates such as mollusks and arthropods have hemolymph instead of blood.
• Blood vessels - tubular structures carrying blood
• Heart - hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the different parts of the body
• Blood is forcefully pumped throughout the body by the heart.
• About 90% of water is transported through the blood plasma.

  • 54% - plasma
  • 1% - buffy coat / WBC
  • 45% - RBC
• Food in the form of glucose is are transported through in blood plasma.

  • hypoglycemia - low blood
  • normal level
  • hyperglycemia - high bood
• In mammals, oxygen is taken into the bloodstream by combining with the blood protein called hemoglobin. This enables the oxygen to be circulated throughout the body.
• Carbon dioxide, on the other hand, is also taken into the bloodstream by combining with hemoglobin, so it can be transported out of the body.