Module 1-3

• 4 Basic network architecture characteristics


  Fault tolerance, Quality of service, Scalability, Security
• Fault Tolerance


  Limits number of effected device during network failure
• Fault tolerance is built to

  Allow quick recovery
• Fault tolerance depends on


  Multiple paths
• Redundancy


  Multiple paths
• Packet switching


  Splits traffic into packets that are routed over a shared network
• Routers switch packets based on


  Network condition
• Scalability


  A scalable network can expand quickly to support new users and applications, without degrading network quality
• Quality of Service (QoS)


  Primary mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery
• Congestion


  Demand for bandwidth exceeds available amount
• When traffic volume > what can be transported


  Device will hold packets in memory until they can be transported
• QoS focuses on

  Prioritizing time-sensitive traffic
• Bandwidth

  Measured in bits per second
• 2 Types of network security that need to be addressed

  Network infrastructure security and information security
• 3 Primary network security requirements

  Confidentiality, integrity, and availability
• Following accepted standards and protocols


  Scalability
• Network Trends

  Bring your own device (BYOD), online collaboration, video communication, cloud computing
• BYOD

  Bring Your Own Device; users can access the network using their personal device
• Online Collaboration


  Collab with others over the network
• Video Communication

  Video calls made to anyone, anywhere.
• ISP

  Internet Service Provider
• Purpose of Protocols

  Providing rules required for a specific type of communication to occur
• 2 Primary benefits of segmenting data

  Increases speed and increases efficiency
• PDU

  Protocol Data Unit; Form that a piece of data takes at any layer
• ISOC

  Internet Society; Promoting the open development and evolution of internet use throughout the world
• IAB

  Internet Architecture Board; Responsible for overall management and development of internet standards
• RFC Documents


  Request for Comments documents; documents for developing new protocols and updating existing protocols; created by the IETF
• IRTF

  Internet Research Task Force; focuses on long-term research related to internet and TCP/IP protocols
• ICANN

  Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers; coordinates IP address allocation, the management of domain names, and assignment of other info used in TCP/IP protocols; based in U.S.
• IANA

  Internet Assigned Numbers Authority; Oversees and manages IP address allocation, domain names, and protocol identifiers for ICANN
• IEEE

  Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Organization of electrical engineering and electronics dedicated to advancing technological innovation and creating standards
• EIA

  Electronic Industries Alliance; standards relating to electrical wiring, connectors, and the 19-inch racks used to mount networking equipment
• TIA

  Telecommunications Industry Association; develops communication standards in a variety of areas including radio equipment, cellular towers, Voice over IP (VoIP) devices, satellite communications, and more
• ITU-T

  International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector; largest and oldest communication standards organizations; defines standards for video compression, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and broadband communications (DSL, satellite, wireless, etc.)
• IETF

  Internet Engineering Task Force; Develops, updates, and maintains internet and TCP/IP technologies
• Hosts

  All computers connected to a network that participate directly in network communication