Clinical Mycology Study Session

• How does the structure of a fungal cell differ from that of a plant cell?

  Fungal cells have a cell wall made of chitin, while plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose
• What is the name of the fungus shown in the third image?

  Aspergillus terreus
• What is the name of the fungus shown in the first image?

  Histoplasma sp.
• เชื้อรามีลักษณะการได้รับอาหารแบบใด?

  chemoheterotrophic
• How can hyphae be classified?

  • By color
  • By presence of septa (cross-walls)
• What is the name of the fungus shown in the second image?

  Fusarium sp.
• What is the name of the fungus shown in the sixth image?

  Fusarium dimerum
• What is the name of the fungus shown in the fourth image?

  Scedosporium sp.
• What is the structure of the fungal cell wall?

  Chitin layer
• How are the yeasts with pseudohyphae described?

  Small yeasts intermingled with pseudohyphae and hyphae
• เชื้อรา (fungi) เป็นสิ่งมีชีวิตประเภทใด?

  eukaryotic
• What is the function of vacuoles in fungal cells?

  Carry out metabolic activities
• What is the function of the vacuole in a fungal cell?

  • Stores water, nutrients, and waste products
  • Helps maintain cell shape and turgor pressure
  • Plays a role in autophagy and recycling of cellular components
• What are the three main layers of a fungal cell?

  Cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleus
• Which organelle is responsible for energy production in fungal cells?

  Mitochondria
• What role do microtubules play in fungal cells?

  Help with transport and movement
• What is the function of the nucleus?

  Genetic control
• What is the characteristic of mycelial growth form?

  Filamentous, long strands
• What is the name of the process shown in image A?

  Blastoconidia formation
• What are the main organelles found in a fungal cell?

  • Cell wall
  • Ribosome
  • Lomasome
  • Plasma membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondrion
  • Vacuole
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Lysosome
  • Peroxisome
  • Smooth ER
• How do the hyphae structures in images D, E, and F differ in terms of their organization and cytoplasmic continuity?

  Image D shows coenocytic hyphae with continuous cytoplasm, while images E and F show septate hyphae with compartmentalized cytoplasm
• What images support the table of macroscopic appearances?

  Images of Aspergillus, Amanita, Microsporidia, and Rhizopus colonies
• What is the name of the process shown in image C?

  Pseudohyphae
• What is the structure of the plasma membrane in fungal cells?

  Phospholipid bilayer
• What is the key feature of the non-pigmented (hyaline), septated hyphae?

  Acute angle branching
• What are the key features of the process shown in image F?

  • Septate hyphae with clamp connections
  • Presence of septa and clamp connections
  • Compartmentalized cytoplasm with clamp bridges
• What is the name of the fungus shown in the seventh image?

  Lomentospora prolificans
• How do opportunistic mycoses occur?

  When weakened immune systems allow infections
• What are the key features of the process shown in image E?

  • Septate hyphae
  • Presence of septa (cross-walls)
  • Compartmentalized cytoplasm
• What are the characteristics of non-pigmented (hyaline), pauciseptate hyphae?

  • Pauciseptate ribbon-like hyphae with right angle branching
  • Consistent with Mucorales genera; however Aspergillus spp. and other septated hyaline hyphae can sometimes have this morphology
• How are deep fungal infections categorized?

  Into subcutaneous and systemic mycoses
• What is the function of the plasma membrane?

  Selective barrier
• What are the distinct macroscopic features of different fungal groups?

  They exhibit different colony morphology, aerial mycelium, and pigmentation
• Are septa present in dematiaceous hyphae?

  They are always present
• What color are dematiaceous hyphae?

  Dark or pigmented
• What is the function of the fungal cell wall?

  Protection and support
• ตัวอย่างเชื้อราที่พบบ่อยในทางคลินิกมีอะไรบ้าง?

  • Histoplasma
  • Fusarium
  • Aspergillus
  • Rhizopus
• What do sections (a), (b), and (c) demonstrate about dimorphic fungi?

  • Sections (a) and (b):
  • Show saprophytic mycelial form with ascospores
  • Section (c):
  • Shows pathogenic yeast form with visible nuclei
• ผนังเซลล์ของเชื้อราทำจากอะไร?

  chitin
• What is the name of the structure labeled "nucleus" in the image?

  nucleus