Prokaryote and eukaryote

• Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found everywhere on Earth.
• Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts found in eukaryotes.
• The cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, which provides structural support to the bacterial cell.
• Prokaryotes have no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes do.
• The cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan (bacterial) or chitin (fungal).
• Eukaryotic cells contain DNA within the nucleus, which is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
• Eukaryotes have a true nucleus with chromosomes enclosed by a nuclear envelope, while prokaryotes do not.
• In bacteria, DNA is located in the cytoplasm and is not bound by a nuclear envelope.
• Ribosomes in bacteria are smaller than those in eukaryotes (70S vs. 80S).
• Eukaryotes have a true nucleus with chromatin and nuclear pores, while prokaryotes do not.
• In prokaryotes, genetic material is not enclosed in a separate compartment like it is in eukaryotes.
• Eukaryotes use sexual reproduction, where gametes from different individuals combine to form zygotes.
• Prokaryotes reproduce through binary fission, where one parent cell divides into two daughter cells.