Chemistry 4th period

• matter is anything and anything that occupies space and has mass
• elements are pure substances made up of only one type of atom
• compounds are pure substances made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined together
• An atom is the smallest particle made of subatomic particles
• A p+ has particles with positive electric charge defines de element
• The p+ defines the atomic number
• A neutron is a particle without electric charge
• An isotope is an atom of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
• the atomic mass unit is the mass of one atom of an element's isotope
• protons + neutrons = atomic mass
• The electrons are particles with negative electric charge and are found in the outermost shell of an atom.
• An ION is a charged particle that has gained or lost electrons.

  Atom with different number of e-
• CATION positive atom that looses electrons and has a positive charge.
• ANION negative atom, gains electrons
• N0 = Atomic mass - (ATOMIC NUMBER) number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
• e- = atomic number (p+) +(number of electron that looses)
• Democratus discovered the atomic model in 400 bc
• how is this model called?

  atomic model, discovered by Democritus

  
• Periods -

  Groups |

  
• what is the porpoise of the Pauling diagram?

  to get to know the number of electrons that an atom contains
• Electro negativity is the power of an atom to attract electrons
• what determinantes an Ionic bond?

  more than 1.7 pf electronegativity
• What determines an Polar Covalent Bond?

  Electronegativity between 1.7 & 0.4
• How do you know the electronegativity of a Non-Polar Covalent Bond?

  less than 0.4
• How can we use the nomenclature in Ionic compounds?

  Ionic compounds are named by combining the names of the cation and anion. The cation (metal) is named first, followed by the anion (nonmetal) with an "-ide" ending.
• How do we know is a Ionoc compund?

  Metals and Non-metals (more than 1.7)
• How do we write oxygen?

  Oxide
• How do we write hydrogen?

  hydride
• How do we write phosphorous?

  Phosphide
• How do we know if it is a covalent compound?

  non-metal + non-metal
• How do we determine the nomenclature pf th covalent compund? Using prefixes to indicate the number of each atom present in the compound.
• prefix of 1?


  mono
• prefix of 2?

  bi\di
• prefix of 3?


  tri
• prefix of 4?

  tetra
• prefix of 5?


  pentra
• perfil of 6?

  hexta
• prefix of 7?

  hepta
• prefix of 8?


  octa
• prefix of 9?

  nona