C18: Social Psychology

Cards (59)

  • Social Psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence and relate to one another
  • Social thinking has two types of theories; Attribution Theory and Fundamental Attribution Theory
  • Attribution Theory is situation vs disposition; an action that influences judgement vs a person's personality
  • Fundamental Attribution Theory is the tendency when judging others to underestimate the situation and overestimate the disposition
  • Attitudes have strong impacts on actions
    1. Outside Influences (Eg. Peer pressure)
    2. Attitude is specifically relevant to behavior - shows actions and maintains attitude
    3. Being aware of ones attitude - reminds wearer to stop a habit/action (Eg. Promise rings)
  • "Looking-glass" effect/Mirror is the effect of seeing yourself do something you don't want to do
  • Foot-In-Door Phenomenon is when asked a small request leads to a bigger request
  • Door-In-Face Phenomenon is when asked a big request leads to a smaller request
  • Cognitive Dissonance Theory is the reduction of discomfort from two inconsistent thoughts
  • Low-Ball Effect is the effect when offered something attractive leads to something less attractive
  • That's-Not-All Effect is the effect when offered something attractive leads to something even more attractive
  • Zimbardo Prison Experiment; the purpose was to study prison life and its psychological effects
  • Lucifer Effect & Hero Effect believes that there is both good and evil in everyone
  • Conformity is the adjustment of our behavior/thinking to coincide with a groups standard
  • Chameleon Effect is the unconscious mimicry of another's behavior; is used a lot when being empathetic and sympathizing with others to connect
  • Solomon Asch experimented on conformity where actors would say wrong answers to see if participants would conform due to peer pressure
  • Conformity Strengthens...
    • when feeling incompetent/insecure
    • in a group of 3 or more
    • all are in agreement
    • admiration of a group's status and attractiveness
    • no prior commitment to any response
    • knowing others will observe your behavior
    • from a culture that strongly accepts social norms
  • Normative Social Influence is the desire to gain approval/avoid disapproval
  • Informational Social Influence is the acceptance of others opinion on reality
  • The Stanley Milgram Experiment was based off of people's obedience when given an order. He wanted to see how far participants would go when peer pressured
  • Obedience is high when...
    • Person in charge was nearby and seemed trustworthy
    • Authority figure is supported by a respectful institution
    • There are no role models for defiance
    • Victim was depersonalized or distanced
  • Social Facilitation is the improvement in for simple/well-learned tasks from others presence (Eg. Study groups)
  • Social Loafing is the tendacy to put in less effort for one common goal; less likely to loaf if they care about the group, most likely to loaf if unfamiliar with group (Eg. Group projects)
  • Deindividuation is the loss of self-awareness and self-restrain in group situation that omit arousal anonymity (Eg. Zimbardo Prison Experiment)
  • Group Polarization is the enhancement of a groups common beliefs through discussions; shift in choice/attitude after group interaction
  • Group Think is the desire of harmony/conformity which results in poor judgement
  • Prejudice is an unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members
  • Sterotype is a generalized belief about a group/person
  • Discrimination is an unjustifiable behavior toward a group and its members; Prejudice and action
  • Ethnocentrism is the evaluation of others cultures with ones own standards and customs of their culture; comparing
  • Tokenism is a trivial positive action towards a minority group to not be accountable of anything meaningful; Fake representation (women, LGBTQ+, POC, etc.)
  • Ingroup is a group of people that share a common identity; usage of "us"
  • Outgroup is a group of people that are different than the ingroup; usage of "them"
  • Ingroup Bias is the tendency to favor our own group
  • Scapegoat Theory is the theory of prejudice that offers an emotional outlet of frustration and anger towards someone; outgroup is usually used for blame
  • Just-World Phenomenon is the tendency to believe that the world is just and that people deserve what they get/recieve
  • Aggression is the physical/verbal behavior with intent to hurt/destroy others
  • Frustration-Aggression Principle is the blockage of ones' goal; frustration becomes aggressive
  • Hostile Aggression is a type of behavior that wants to harm/destroy one
  • Instrumental Aggression is an aggressive behavior meant to achieve a goal that harms the victim