Multi-Store Model

• The Multi-Store Model has separate, unitary stores for each type of memory
• The Multi-Store Model has a linear and sequential flow of information which is transferred by attention and rehearsal
• The Multi-Store Model shows that memory works through Aquisition, Storage, and Retrieval
• Atkinson & Shiffrin proposed the MSM
• The Multi-Store Model is basic and not broad enough
• Glanzer & Cunitz supported the MSM by proving the idea of STM and LTM being two separate stores
• Glanzer & Cunitz presented participants with lists of words to remember and observed the serial position effect (more likely to remember first and last words)
• When Glanzer & Cunitz introduced a distraction, only the last words were affected
• Glanzer & Cunitz observed the Primacy and Recency Effect
• Patient HM supports the MSM because he was unable to transfer new information to LTM but had the normal digit span for STM
• Clive Wearing's case goes against the MSM because he could still access his procedural memory (piano) but most of his episodic memory apart from his wife were gone
• Clive Wearing's case shows that the MSM is over-simplified as there are different types of LTM
• Brown and Kulik proposed the idea of Flashbulb Memories
• A Flashbulb Memory is a highly vivid and detailed 'snapshot' of a moment where consequential and emotionally arousing news was learned
• Flashbulb memories undermine the MSM because they show that emotional memories do not require rehearsal as they are resistant to forgetting
• Craik & Lockhart proposed the Levels of Processing model with shallow, intermediate, and deep levels of processing