CPS lectures

• Prime Minister of France - Gabriel Attal
• LREM - Liberalists
• MoDem - Centrists, democratic movement
• FI - antiglobalists
• PS - socialists party, a pillar of leftist block
• French Communist Party - eurocommunist party
• National Rally (Fronts) - populists, anti immigrants, eurosceptic
• The Republicans - Gaulist party ( a pillar of center right block)
• Marine LePen - National Fronts
• Constitition of France has 6 parts
• Constitutional block includes not only the Constitution, but also the other texts
• 1946 referendum - do you approve new constitution?


  No
• 1946 referendum (2) - approve new constitution?


  Yes, 4th Republic started
• 1945 referendum - to choose the new constitution or remain the Hitler's 


  New constitution
• 1958 - new constitution?


  Yes, 5th Republic started
• 1962 - remain the way of electing a president? or Change to direct elections?


  Change to direct elections
• 1969 - reforming the senate? decentralization of france regions?


  Status quo, because of president's plebiscite
• 2000- Shortening the term of president from 7 to 5?


  Yes, now 5 years
• Plebiscite - form of referendum which requires a condition to leave the office if the vote fails
• Just twice by referendum (after the 5th Republic) Constitution was changed 1962 and 2000
• 1. Form of government: monarchies and republics (Fixed term for elections)
• Types of monarchies: hereditary, absolute (Vatican), elected, constitutional and parliamental
• Most of European countries type of government: parliamentary & hereditary monarchies
• 2.Political regime: democratic and non-democratic ( totalitarian - North Korea, autoritarian - Belarus)
• 3.Territorial structure: Confederation, Federation, Unitary, Personal Union and Real Union
• Confederation: Union between two sovereign countries (Belarus and Russia)
• Federation: sovereign union of unsovereign states
• Personal union - Countries with the same authority ( Canada, UK and Australia)
• Real union - countries with the same authority, boundaries, army etc
• System of government: Presidential, Parliamentary, semi-presidential, Chancellor and Swiss system
• Types of electoral system: majoritarian (absolute) and proportional (can not choose only 1 person)
• National Assembly - the lower chamber
• Senate - the upper chamber
• Simple Majority - have the most votes without abstention
• Absolute majority - 51% or more, Abstention as NO
• Qualified Majority - higher than a half
• Synonym to constitution : fundamental laws, basic laws, constitutional acts
• How a bill become a law?

  1)Head of state or Parliament initiate a bill. 2)A bill goes to the lower chamber of Parliament where a Comittee is being formed. 3)After successful 3 reading and voting the bill goes to the upper Chamber. 4)Amendments which can be rejected by lower chamber 5)HoS can reject, accept or send the bill to Constitutional Court
• How constitution differs from an Act?

  1)It has specific names. 2)Constitution has a highest legal force. 3)Any lower act cannot deny it 4)A special procedure to amend the constitution. 5) The constitution target the whole political system
• Constitution can be written and unwrtitten (set of laws, not one document)