Germany History - Key topic 3 Nazi control and dictatorship

• 9A- Hitler became chancellor in 1933
• 9A- When Hitler first because chancellor he was in a very weak position
• 9A- Then Hitler became chancellor, the Nazis did not gave a majority, this made it hard the the Nazis to pass laws in the reich stag
• 9A- Hindenburg and Papen planned to use Hitler as a puppet
• 9A- support for the Nazis had fallen from 37% to 33% between the elections of july and November 1932
• 9A- Hermann Goering, a leading Nazi controlled police in about two-thirds in Germany. he used his position to get the SA to harass opponents without being arrested
• IMPORTANT= 27th febuary 1933- Reichstag fire
• 9A- Hitler blamed the communist party for the reichstag fire since a communist (van der Lubbe) was arrested for starting the fire
• 9A- the Reichstag fire allowed Hitler to pass the emergency decree, which gave Hitler the power to arrest and imprison 4000 communists including the leader of KPD party without trial
• 9A- Fear of communism meant more people voted for Nazis, as their support rose from 33% to 44%
• 9A- after the election, Hitler used his emergency powers to ban the communist party
• IMPORTANT= On the 23rd of March 1933 the reichstag passed the enabling act by 444 votes to 94. This gave hitler the power to make laws without the reichstags consent
• 9A- Only the SPD party voted against the enabling act
• 9A- enabling act gave Hitler the power to make laws without the approval of the reichstag, or having to utilise article 48
• 9A- the enabling act meant Hitler was a dictator and marked the end of the Weimar constitution, as it was no longer a democracy
• 9A- using the powers of the enabling act, he removed further opposition by banning and making illegal trade unions and other banning other political partys
• 9A- on 2nd May 1933, Trade unions officals were arrested and trade unions banned. This meant unions couldn’t unite people to protest and organise a general strike against the Nazis.
• 9A- on the 14th of July 1933 all political parties, except the Nazis were banned. This made Germany, a one party state and destroyed democracy.
• 9A- January 1934 Hitler abolished local Parliaments and replaced them with Nazi governors appointed by him. This gave Hitler control of every region in Germany
• IMPORTANT= On 30th june 1934, the night of long knives. SA leader Ernst Rohm and hundreds of other SA members were taken to prison and shot by the SS
• 9B - Hitler used to be excuse that the SA were planning a revolution to take over the government for the night of long knives
• Explain why Hitler ordered the removal of leaders in the SA in 1934
• Explain why the night of long knifes was important in the creation of a dictatership

  
• 10A- The Nazis used the SS, gestapo (secret police), the SD (an intellegence agency), and concentration camps to instil fear into people
• 10A- the SD (security service) was the intelligence agency of the Nazi party, responsible for state security. They use intelligence to discover actual and potential enemies of the Nazi party and insures they were removed.
• 10A- the SD attracted many professional people such as lawyers and professors
• 10A- the SS (Hitlers personal protection squad) were led by Heinrich Himmler. All recruits had to be Aryan race which was blond, blue eyed, and physically fit. They also had to marry racially pure wives
• 10A- during the 1930s, the SS was expanded to 240,000 men, and putting in charge of all other police and security services at a concentration camps
• 10A- the Gustapo spied on people, tapped telephones, opened mail and used informants to identify anyone suspected of criticising or opposing the Nazi government
• 10A- The Gestapo were particularly feared, because they wore plain clothes, and could not be told apart from other members of the public
• 10A- The gestapo often arrived early in the morning to take suspects away. in 1939 alone 160,000 people were arrested for political offences
• 10A- torture was used when questioning suspects and offenders could be imprisoned or sent to a concentration camp without a trial
• 10A- They have more than 30,000 gestapo officers in a population of 80 million so it could be argued that the fear of the Gestapo was not justified by their size
• 10A- the Gustapo discovered only about 10% of political ctimes committed
• 10A- the first ever concentrating opened in Dachau in 1933. There was six concentration camps by 1939, holding up to 20000 people
• 10B- the Nazis controlled the legal system. court were bias in favour of the Nazis, and all Laws were interpreted in a nazi fashion
• 10B- all judges is had to Become members of the ‘nationalist socialist league for the maintenance of the law’. This meant that all judges has support Nazi ideas and uphold Nazi views. A fair trial was impossible.
• 10B- Hitler abolished trial by jury. all judges were handpicks Nazis and decided innocence, guilt and punishments
• 10B- Hitler set up a peoples court to hear treason cases. trials were held in secrets and there was no right to appeal against the verdict. by 1939 it had sentenced over 500 people to death for political offences
• 10B- the number of offences carrying the death penalty went up from 3 in 1933 to 46 by 1943. Some of these included listening to foreign radio stations, having sex with a Jew or telling an anti-nazi joke.