The chlorophyll and other pigments in plant leaves can be separated and identified by chromatography. Chromatography can be used to separate mixtures and can give information to help identify substances.
The ratio of the distance moved by a compound (centre of spot from origin) to the distance moved by the solvent can be expressed as its Rf value: Rf = distance moved by substance / distance moved by solvent
Different compounds have different Rf values in different solvents, which can be used to help identify the compounds. The compounds in a mixture may separate into different spots depending on the solvent, but a pure compound produces a single spot in all solvents.