pollination

• • flowers are the reproductive organs of plants (both male and female parts)
  • pollen contains nucleus (male gamete) and is not capable of locomotion so plants needs to transfer the pollen from the anther to stigma by other means (wind and insects or animals eg birds, bats)
• label

  A) carpel

  B) stigma

  C) style

  D) ovary

  E) nectary

  F) sepal

  G) filament

  H) anther

  I) stamen

  J) petal

  
• label

  A) protects

  B) unopened

  C) brightly

  D) coloured

  E) attract

  F) produces

  G) releases

  H) pollen grain

  I) top

  J) collects

  K) produces

  L) ovum

  M) contains

  N) ovary

  
• label

  A) contains

  B) gamete

  C) ovule

  D) egg

  E) pollen tube

  F) ovary

  G) fruit

  H) seed

  
• insect pollinated (pollinating agents)

  • to collect nectar for energy and brush against the anthers which deposit sticky pollen onto the body
  • insects may brush against the stigma of another flower and deposit some of the pollen -> pollination
  • the style makes sure that the pollen is from a compatible flower
• label

  A) large

  B) push

  C) stamen

  D) nectar

  E) larger

  F) sticky

  G) spiky

  H) attach

  I) inside

  J) stiff

  K) firmly

  L) brush

  M) inside

  N) sticky

  O) pollen

  P) stick

  
• Wind pollinated

  • more random
  • when ripe, the anthers open and shed their pollen into the open air - blown by the wind / carried by air currents until it lands on the stigma of a plant of the same species -> pollination
• label

  A) anther

  B) filament

  C) stigma

  D) style

  E) ovary

  
• label

  A) small

  B) dull

  C) energy

  D) large

  E) chance

  F) smooth

  G) small

  H) light

  I) blown

  J) outside

  K) swinging

  L) loose

  M) long

  N) filaments

  O) pollen

  P) outside

  Q) feathery

  R) catch

  S) drifting

  T) pollen grains

  
• cross and self pollination

  • cross - pollen from 1 plant transferred to stigma of another of same species
  • cross pollination increases genetic variation
  • self - pollen on own stigma or stigma of flower on same plant
  • all gametes come from same parent - reduces genetic variation (genetically identical) - less likely offspring will have adaptations that suit new conditions