Reading: A Macro Skill

• Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning.
• Reading is a process, a skill, a tool. It involves weaving together word together and comprehension in a fluent manner.
• Word Recognition


  It is about identifying words through formations and sounds.
• Phonemic Awareness 


  How to break apart and manipulate the sounds in words.
• Alphabetic Principle


  Certain letters are used to represent certain sounds.
• Decoding


  How to apply a knowledge of letter-sound relationships to sound out words that are new.
• Word Study


  How to analyze words and spelling patterns in order to become more efficient at reading words.
• Sight Vocabulary


  To expand the number of words that can be identified automatically.
• Comprehension

  • Background knowledge about many topics.
  • Extensive oral and print vocabularies.
  • Understanding about how the English language works.
  • Understanding about how print works.
  • Knowledge of various kinds of texts.
  • Various purposes for reading.
  • Strategies for constructing meaning from text, and for problem solving when meaning breaks down.
• Fluency

  • Develop a high level of accuracy in word recognition.
  • Maintain a rate of reading brisk enough to facilitate comprehension.
  • Use phrasing and expression so that oral reading sounds like speech.
  • Transform deliberate strategies for word recognition and comprehension into automatic skills.
• Comprehension


  the actions or capability of understanding something
• Comprehension


  background knowledge about many topics
• Comprehension


  extensive oral and print vocabularies
• Comprehension


  understanding about how the English language works
• Comprehension


  understanding about how print works
• Comprehension


  knowledge of various kinds of text
• Comprehension


  various purposes for reading
• Comprehension


  strategies for constructing meaning from text, and for problem solving when meaning breaks down
• Fluency 


  develop a high level of accuracy in word recognition
• Fluency


  maintain a rate of reading brisk enough to facilitate comprehension
• Fluency


  use phrasing and expression so that oral reading sounds like speech
• Fluency


  transform deliberate strategies for word recognition and comprehension into automatic skills